Statistični letopis Republike Slovenije 2013 Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Slovenia SOCIALNA ZAŠČITA SOCIAL PROTECTION Socialna zaš

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1 . SOCIALNA ZAŠČITA SOCIAL PROTECTION METODOLOŠKA POJASNILA IZDATKI IN VIRI FINANCIRANJA PROGRAMOV SOCIALNE ZAŠČITE Viri in metode zbiranja podatkov Podatki o izdatkih in virih financiranja programov socialne zaščite so rezultat zbiranja podatkov glede na zahteve osnovnega sistema metodologije ESSPROS (Evropski sistem integrirane statistike socialne zaščite). Pridobili smo jih od nosilcev uradnih evidenc in iz objavljenih podatkov. Pri denarnih socialnih prejemkih smo večino podatkov pripravili iz individualnih podatkov; ti so bili oblikovani tako, da so zajemali vsa izplačila za posamezno leto. Podatki o socialnih prejemkih, ki jih financirajo delodajalci, so grobe ocene, izdelane na podlagi rezultatov ankete o stroških dela. Vrednost sredstev za predšolsko vzgojo in za sofinanciranje delovanja centrov za socialno delo je tudi ocenjena. Zajetje Statistično zajetje je skoraj popolno. Pomanjkljivi so podatki, ki se nanašajo na socialne prejemke, ki jih financirajo občine. Prav tako ni zajet tisti del socialnega varstva, ki se financira iz zasebnih sredstev. Definicije in pojasnila obsega po metodologiji ESSPROS vsa posredovanja javnih in zasebnih institucij, ki gospodinjstvom ali posameznikom olajšajo breme določenih tveganj ali potreb brez sočasne zagotovitve enakovrednega nadomestila ali povračila in niso rezultat individualnih aranžmajev. Tveganja ali potrebe oziroma področja opazovanja so: bolezen in zdravstveno varstvo, invalidnost, starost, smrti hranitelja družine, družina in otroci, brezposelnost, nastanitev in druge oblike socialne izključenosti. Enota opazovanja je program socialne zaščite. Ta je po definiciji sistem pravil, ki ga vzdržuje ena ali več institucionalnih enot, da zagotavlja in financira socialno zaščito. Za program mora biti možno sestaviti podatke o njegovih izdatkih in virih financiranja. Sestavljen naj bi bil tako, da se z njim zagotavlja socialna zaščita zoper eno tveganje ali potrebo določene skupine ljudi. Sistem pravil je lahko določen z zakoni ali na njihovi podlagi, s pogodbami ali glede na upravno prakso. Programe socialne zaščite za Slovenijo smo izbrali tako, da je možno sestaviti ustrezne podatke, da se jih da razvrstiti po merilih metodologije in da predstavljajo zaokroženo vsebinsko celoto. Glavne kategorije izdatkov programov socialne zaščite so socialni prejemki, upravni stroški, transferi drugim programom in drugi izdatki. Glavne kategorije virov financiranja programov socialne zaščite so socialni prispevki, prispevki države, transferi iz drugih programov in drugi viri. Najpomembnejša kategorija izdatkov so socialni prejemki, ki so po definiciji transferi v denarju ali naravi in so po programih socialne zaščite dodeljeni gospodinjstvom ali posameznikom z namenom, da jim olajšajo breme, ko se pokažejo določena tveganja ali potrebe. Tako so v izrazu socialni prejemki zajete vse vrste denarnih in nedenarnih pravic ter drugih ukrepov. Prejemki se razvrščajo po področjih, po vrsti (v denarju periodične ali enkratne, v naravi in v obliki preusmerjenih socialnih prispevkov) in po merilu preverjanja premoženjskega stanja. Določene kategorije socialnih prejemkov se nanašajo na prejemke osebam pod in nad določeno starostjo. V vseh programih je starostna meja za moške 65, za ženske pa 60 let. V posamezna področja socialne zaščite so po metodologiji ESSPROS vključeni naslednji prejemki: - bolezen in zdravstveno varstvo prejemki, povezani s telesno ali z duševno obolelostjo, in zdravstveno varstvo, ki pomeni ohranjanje zdravja, ozdravljenje ali izboljšanje zdravja varovanih oseb, ne glede na izvor zdravstvenih težav (predvsem nadomestila za primer zadržanosti z dela zaradi bolezni, zdravstveno varstvo in zdravila); - invalidnost prejemki, povezani z nezmožnostjo sodelovanja v ekonomskih in socialnih aktivnostih telesno ali duševno prizadetih oseb (predvsem invalidske pokojnine osebam pod določeno starostjo in blago ter storitve invalidnim osebam); METHODOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS EXPENDITURE AND RECEIPTS OF SOCIAL PROTECTION SCHEMES Sources and methods of data collection Data on expenditure and receipts of social protection schemes are the result of data collection regarding the Core system of ESSPROS (European system of integrated Social Protection Statistics) methodology requests. The data are acquired from official records and from published data. We prepared most data on cash benefits from individual data formed in the way that they covered all payments for a particular year. The data on social benefits financed by employers are crude estimates gathered from the Labour Cost Survey. The value of funds for pre-school education and funds for co-financing centres for social work is also estimated. Coverage Statistical coverage is almost complete. The data on social benefits financed by municipalities are incomplete. Social assistance financed by the private sector are also not included. Definitions and explanation by ESSPROS methodology encompasses all intervention from public or private bodies intended to relieve households and individuals of the burden of a defined set of risks or needs, provided that there is neither a simultaneous reciprocal nor an individual arrangement involved. The risk or needs respectively functions are Sickness/Health care, Disability, Old age, Survivors, Family/Children, Unemployment, Housing and Social exclusion not elsewhere classified. Observation units are social protection schemes. By definition, the social protection scheme is a distinct body of rules, supported by one or more institutional units, governing the provision of social protection benefits and their financing. For the scheme to draw up a separate account of expenditures and receipts should be possible. Preferably they should be chosen in such a way that they provide protection against a single need and cover a single specific group of beneficiaries. The body of rules may be determined by law, by virtue of laws, by contracts or by virtue of administrative practice. The social protection schemes for Slovenia have been chosen in such a way that it is possible to compile appropriate data, that they can be classified according to the methodology and that they represent a rounded unit in terms of contents. The main categories of social protection scheme expenditures are social benefits, administration costs, transfers to other schemes and other expenditure. The main categories of social protection scheme receipts are social contributions, general government contributions, transfers from other schemes and other receipts. The main category of expenditure is social benefits, which are by definition transfers in cash or in kind by social protection schemes to households and individuals to relieve them of the burden of a defined set of risks or needs. Social benefits thus cover all monetary and nonmonetary rights and other measures. Benefits are classified by functions, by type (cash benefits - periodic and lump sum benefits, benefits in kind and re-routed social contributions) and by the means test. Certain categories of social benefits refer to assistance to persons under and above a certain age. In all schemes the age limit for men is 65 years and for women 60 years. In certain functions of social protection scheme the following social benefits are included: - Sicknes/Health care - benefits in connection with physical or mental illness and health care intended to maintain, restore or improve the health of the people protected, irrespective of the origin of the disorder (above all compensation in the case of sick leave, health care and pharmaceutical products). - Disability - benefits in connection with the inability of physically or mentally disabled people to engage in economic and social activities (above all disability pensions to persons under a defined age and provisions of goods and services to the disabled). 1

2 - starost 1) prejemki, povezani s starostjo (predvsem starostne pokojnine in invalidske pokojnine osebam nad določeno starostjo ter blago in storitve, povezane s starostjo); - smrt hranitelja družine 1) prejemki, povezani s smrtjo družinskega člana (predvsem družinske pokojnine osebam pod in nad določeno starostjo); - družina in otroci prejemki, povezani z nosečnostjo, rojstvom otroka, s posvojitvijo, z vzgojo otrok in vzdrževanjem drugih družinskih članov (predvsem nadomestila plač med porodniškim dopustom in otroški dodatki); - brezposelnost prejemki, povezani z brezposelnostjo (predvsem nadomestila za primer brezposelnosti in poklicno izobraževanje); - Old age 1) - benefits in connection with old age (above all old-age pensions, disability and survivors' pensions to persons above a defined age and provisions of goods and services to the elderly). - Survivor 1) - benefits in connection with the death of a family member (above all survivors' pensions to persons under and above a defined age). - Family/children - benefits in connection with the costs of pregnancy, childbirth and adoption, bringing up children and caring for other family members (above all maternity leave compensation and child allowance). - Unemployment - benefits in connection with unemployment (above all unemployment benefits and vocational training). - nastanitev prejemki, povezani s stroški nastanitve; - Housing - benefits in connection with the costs of housing. - druge oblike socialne izključenosti prejemki, namenjeni revnim in drugim skupinam socialno izključenih oseb, če jih ne moremo uvrstiti v nobeno drugo področje. Vrednost vseh izdatkov za posamezni program socialne zaščite je vsota vseh oblik izdatkov za ta program. Vrednost vseh virov financiranja je vsota vseh vrst virov za ta program. Finančne operacije potekajo tudi med programi socialne zaščite. Glavne transakcije so transferi med programi in preusmerjeni socialni prispevki, prikazane kot izdatek enega programa in kot vir financiranja drugega programa. Pri seštevkih izdatkov in virov financiranja vseh programov te operacije niso upoštevane. Objavljanje Letno: Prva statistična objava. Slovenija v številkah Statistični letopis Republike Slovenije - Social exclusion not elsewhere classified - benefits intended to poor people and other socially excluded groups to combat social exclusion where they don't belong to other functions. The value of all expenditure for a certain social protection scheme is the sum of all categories of social protection scheme expenditure, and the value of all receipts is the sum of all receipts of the scheme. Some financial flows refer to operation with other social protection schemes. The main transactions between social protection schemes are transfers between schemes and re-routed social contributions. These are recorded as expenditure of the scheme from which they originate and as receipts of the scheme to which they are paid. In expenditure and receipts totals these flows are not considered. Publishing Annually: First Release. Slovenia in Figures Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Slovenia Enkratno: Razvojna vprašanja statistike Unique: Development Questions of Statistics 1) Pri pripravi podatkov za leto 2006 in naprej je upoštevana sprememba metodologije, sprejeta v letu 2008, in sicer: družinske pokojnine nad določeno starostjo se ne prikazujejo več na področju starost, temveč na področju smrt hranitelja družine. 1) For 2006 data and onwards methodological changes were taken into account, i. e.: survivors' pension to persons above legal/standard retirement age is no longer shown in old age function but stays in survivors' function. ZDRAVSTVENO, POKOJNINSKO IN INVALIDSKO ZAVAROVANJE Viri in metode zbiranja podatkov Vir podatkov o zdravstvenem, pokojninskem in invalidskem zavarovanju so redna poročila in letopisi o zdravstvenem in socialnem varstvu v Sloveniji, ki jih izdajajo Ministrstvo za delo, družino, socialne zadeve in enake možnosti ter Zavod za pokojninsko in invalidsko zavarovanje Slovenije (v nadaljevanju ZPIZ). Podatki o uživalcih pokojnin, nadomestil plač, dodatnih dajatev (dodatek za pomoč in postrežbo, invalidnina, varstveni dodatek) in drugih dajatev (odpravnina, oskrbnina, letni dodatek) ter o odhodkih invalidsko-pokojninskega zavarovanja so povzeti iz letnih poročil ZPIZ. Podatke o številu uporabnikov zdravstvenega varstva in o odhodkih zdravstvenih skupnosti za zdravstvene storitve zbira Zavod za zdravstveno zavarovanje Slovenije (ZZZS). Podatke o poškodbah pri delu in podatke o zdravstveno opravičeni začasni odsotnosti z dela zbira Inštitut za varovanje zdravja Republike Slovenije (IVZ). Povzeli smo jih iz njegovih letnih poročil. Definicije in pojasnila Uporabniki zdravstvenega varstva so osebe, ki izpolnjujejo z zakonom določene pogoje za pridobitev lastnosti zavarovanca, oziroma njegovega družinskega člana v Republiki Sloveniji in plačujejo prispevek za obvezno zdravstveno zavarovanje ali ga zanje plačajo drugi zavezanci. Zavarovanci, ki so vključeni v obvezno zdravstveno zavarovanje, so: delovno aktivne osebe (zaposlene in samozaposlene, kmetje), brezposelne osebe, osebe, ki prejemajo pokojnino, družinski HEALTH, PENSION AND DISABILITY INSURANCE Sources and methods of data collection Sources of data on health, pension and disability insurance are the regular reports and yearbooks on health and social security in Slovenia, published by the Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities and the Pension and Disability Insurance Institute of Slovenia. Data on recipients of pensions, salary compensation, supplementary benefits (assistance and attendance allowance, disability benefit, pension support) and other benefits (severance pay, foster care allowance, annual supplement) and disbursements from pension and disability insurance are taken from the annual reports of the Pension and Disability Insurance Institute of Slovenia. Data on the number of health care beneficiaries and health care expenditure are collected by the Health Insurance Institute of Slovenia. Data on accidents at work and temporary absence due to health reasons are collected from annual reports of the Institute of Public Health of the Republic of Slovenia. Definitions and explanations Users of health care services are people who meet legal requirements for obtaining the status of insured persons or their family members in the Republic of Slovenia and who pay the contribution for compulsory health insurance or other insured persons pay insurance for them. Insured persons included in compulsory health insurance are: persons in employment (persons in paid employment, self-employed persons and farmers), unemployed persons, retired persons, family members, citizens 2

3 člani, državljani Republike Slovenije s stalnim prebivališčem v Republiki Sloveniji, ki niso zavarovani iz drugega naslova, in drugi. Zavarovanci pokojninskega in invalidskega zavarovanja so osebe, ki so v skladu z zakonom obvezno ali prostovoljno vključene v pokojninsko in invalidsko zavarovanje, ki je za vse zavarovance enotno. V obveznem pokojninskem in invalidskem zavarovanju so zavarovani delavci v delovnem razmerju pri organizacijah in drugih delodajalcih, zasebniki, ki opravljajo samostojno gospodarsko ali poklicno dejavnost, kmetje in člani njihovih gospodarstev in še nekatere druge osebe, ki opravljajo določene dejavnosti, ki so podlaga za obvezno zavarovanje. Uživalci pokojnin so osebe, ki imajo v skladu z zakonom ali mednarodnim sporazumom pravico do uživanja starostne pokojnine, invalidske pokojnine ali družinske oz. vdovske pokojnine in dodatka za pomoč in postrežbo. Starostni upokojenci so prejemniki starostne pokojnine, ki pripada zavarovancem ob dopolnitvi določene starosti in pokojninske dobe ter drugih pogojev v skladu z Zakonom o pokojninskem in invalidskem zavarovanju (v nadaljevanju ZPIZ-1). Invalidski upokojenci so prejemniki invalidske pokojnine, ki pripada zavarovancem ob nastanku invalidnosti, če izpolnjujejo pogoje v skladu z ZPIZ-1. Družinski upokojenci so prejemniki družinskih pokojnin, ki pripada družinskim članom umrlega zavarovanca ali uživalca pravic iz pokojninskega in invalidskega zavarovanja (v nadaljevanju PIZ), če izpolnjujejo pogoje v skladu z ZPIZ-1. Vdovski upokojenci so prejemniki vdovskih pokojnin, ki pripada preživelemu partnerju umrlega zavarovanca ali uživalca pravic iz PIZ, če izpolnjujejo pogoje v skladu z ZPIZ-1. Delovni invalidi so zavarovanci s preostalo delovno zmožnostjo in ti imajo pravico: do dela z delovnim časom, ki ustreza njihovi zmožnosti; do zaposlitve na drugem ustreznem delovnem mestu oziroma do razporeditve na drugo ustrezno delo; do poklicne rehabilitacije in do ustreznih denarnih nadomestil. Prejemniki vojaških pokojnin so upravičenci, ki izpolnjujejo pogoje po Zakonu o pravicah iz pokojninskega in invalidskega zavarovanja nekdanjih vojaških zavarovancev. Prejemniki akontacij pokojnin, uveljavljenih v drugih republikah nekdanje SFRJ, so upravičenci, ki izpolnjujejo pogoje po Odloku o izplačevanju akontacij pokojnin, ki so jih osebe s stalnim prebivališčem v RS uveljavile v drugih republikah nekdanje SFRJ. ZPIZ bo pokojnine izplačeval, dokler te obveznosti ne bodo izpolnjevale države, v katerih je bila pridobljena pravica do pokojnine. Po Zakonu o zagotavljanju socialne varnosti slovenskim državljanom, ki prejemajo pokojnino iz republik nekdanje SFRJ, imajo prejemniki teh pokojnin pravico do dodatka k pokojnini, ki je namenjen za pokrivanje tečajnih razlik do slovenske valute. Dodatek k pokojnini odmeri in izplačuje ZPIZ. Preživninsko varstvo kmetov. Zakon o preživninskem varstvu kmetov omogoča kmetom, da za prodano zemljišče in druge nepremičnine pridobijo pravico do pokojnine. Prejemniki dajatev iz naslova dodatnih pravic Poleg pokojnin in nadomestil plač delovnim invalidom ZPIZ priznava in izplačuje invalidnine (nadomestilo za telesno okvaro) in dodatke za pomoč in postrežbo. Varstveni dodatek prejemajo upokojenci z nepolno pokojninsko dobo [ki je krajša od 40 let (moški) oz. 38 let (ženske)], ki izpolnjujejo premoženjski cenzus in katerih pokojnina je nižja od osnove za odmero dodatnih pravic. V letu 2012 se je pravica do varstvenega dodatka preoblikovala v socialno varstveno pravico po Zakonu o socialno varstvenih prejemkih in je izločena iz opazovanja. Pravico do denarnega nadomestila za telesno okvaro (invalidnina) si pridobi zavarovanec, če je telesna okvara posledica: - poškodbe pri delu ali poklicne bolezni in če je najmanj 30-odstotna ne glede na pokojninsko dobo, in of the Republic of Slovenia with permanent residence in the Republic of Slovenia who are not insured elsewhere and others. Persons insured under pension and disability schemes are persons who according to the law have compulsory or voluntary pension and disability insurance, which is the same for all insured persons. Included in compulsory pension and disability insurance are persons employed by organisations and other employers, persons performing an independent commercial or professional activity, farmers and members of their households and some other persons performing certain activities that are the basis for compulsory insurance. Recipients of pensions are persons who have according to legislation or international agreements the right to receive old-age, disability, survivors and widower s pensions, guaranteed income pension supplement and attendance allowance. Old-age pensioners are persons receiving old-age pensions, which belong to insured persons who completed a certain age and pension qualifying period according to the Pension and Disability Insurance Act (hereinafter ZPIZ-1). Disability pensioners are persons receiving disability pensions, which belong to insured persons in case of physical impairment if they meet the requirements set out by ZPIZ-1. Survivors pensioners are persons receiving survivors pensions, which belong to family members of a deceased insured person or a person enjoying the rights from pension and disability insurance on condition that they meet the requirements set out by ZPIZ-1. Widow/widower s pensioners are persons receiving widow/widower s pensions, which belong to the surviving spouse of a deceased insured person or a person enjoying the rights from pension and disability insurance on condition that they meet the requirements set out by ZPIZ-1. Disabled workers are insured persons with a reduced working capacity who have the right to work according to their abilities, to get another job, to be appointed to another job, to occupational rehabilitation or to appropriate financial benefit. Recipients of military pensions are beneficiaries who meet the requirements set out by the Act on the Rights Stemming from the Pension and Disability Insurance of Former Military Personnel. Recipients of advance payments of pensions established in other republics of former Yugoslavia are beneficiaries who meet the requirements set out by the Ordinance on Advance Payments of Pensions that Persons with Permanent Residence in the Republic of Slovenia Enforced in Other Republics of Former Yugoslavia. The Pension and Disability Insurance Institute will pay pensions until these commitments are fulfilled by countries in which the right to receive pensions was enforced. According to the Act on the Provision of Social Security to Slovene Citizens who Receive Pensions from the Former Yugoslav Republics, recipients of these pensions have the right to receive a pension supplement, which is intended for covering exchange rate differences between the foreign and Slovene currency. The pension supplement is determined and paid by the Pension and Disability Insurance Institute. Survivor s protection of farmers. The Act Concerning the Provision of Maintenance to Farmers enables farmers to receive a pension for land and other real estate sold. Recipients of benefits stemming from supplementary rights In addition to pensions and salary compensation for disabled workers, the Pension and Disability Insurance Institute recognises the right to and pays disability benefits (benefits for physical impairment) and assistance and attendance allowance. Guaranteed income pension supplement is granted to a pensioner with a pension qualifying period shorter than 40 years (men) or 38 years (women) who meets the requirements with respect to the income ceiling and whose pension is lower than the rating basing for assessment of supplementary rights. In 2012 the right to guaranteed income pension supplement was converted into the social protection right and excluded from statistical research. The right to receive the benefit for physical impairment (disability benefit) is obtained by an insured person whose physical impairment is the result of: - an injury at work or an occupational disease if physical impairment is at least 30%, irrespective of the pension qualifying period, or 3

4 - bolezni ali poškodbe zunaj dela, če je najmanj 50-odstotna in če ima zavarovanec ob nastanku telesne okvare pokojninsko dobo, ki je določena za pridobitev invalidske pokojnine, ne glede na to, ali telesna okvara povzroča invalidnost ali ne. Telesne okvare so po težavnosti razvrščene v 8 stopenj in tem je prilagojena tudi višina denarnega nadomestila, upošteva pa se tudi vzrok nastanka telesne okvare. Dodatek za pomoč in postrežbo je pravica, ki jo ZPIZ izplačuje zavarovancu ali uživalcu pravic iz PIZ, če ne more samostojno opravljati vseh ali večine osnovnih življenjskih potreb in zato potrebuje tujo nego in pomoč. Pravico do tega dodatka imajo tudi slepi in nepokretni aktivni zavarovanci. Začasna odsotnost z dela zaradi bolezni, poškodb, poklicnih bolezni, izolacije in spremstva ter nege bolnega družinskega člana pomeni bolniški dopust, izražen v treh kazalnikih (številu primerov, delovnih dnevih in povprečnem trajanju v dnevih). Poškodbe pri delu se opredeljujejo kot poškodbe, ki so se zgodile zaposlenim osebam ali osebam, ki v okviru drugega pravnega razmerja opravljajo delo za plačilo, med opravljanjem dela, na službeni poti, na poti na delo ali na poti z dela. Skladno z zakoni zdravstvenega, pokojninskega in invalidskega zavarovanja so te osebe obvezno zavarovane za invalidnost, telesne okvare ali smrt, ki so posledica poškodb pri delu ali poklicnih boleznih. Objavljanje - an off-the-job injury or illness if physical impairment is at least 50% and when the physical impairment occurs the insured person has the pension qualifying period determined for obtaining the right to disability pension, irrespective of whether the physical impairment causes disability or not. As regards severity, physical impairments are classified into 8 groups and the amount of the disability benefit depends on the group into which the physical impairment is classified. The reason for the physical impairment is also taken into account. Assistance and attendance allowance is a benefit paid by the Pension and Disability Insurance Institute to insured persons or persons enjoying the rights from pension and disability insurance who are unable to independently perform all or a majority of basic vital necessities, thus needing care and assistance by other persons. Blind and immobile insured persons also have the right to receive this allowance. Temporary absence from work for reasons of illness, injury, occupational disease, isolation, accompaniment and attending to a sick family member is treated as sick leave. Sick leave is expressed in terms of three indicators - cases, days and average number of days. Injuries at work are injuries that happened to persons in paid employment or to persons performing paid work under another legal relationship during work, on a business trip or on the way to or from work. According to acts regulating health, pension and disability insurance, these persons have compulsory insurance for the case of disability, physical impairment or death as a result of an injury at work or occupational disease. Publishing Letno: Statistični letopis Republike Slovenije Annually: Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Slovenia SOCIALNO IN DRUŽINSKO VARSTVO Viri in metode zbiranja podatkov Del prikazanih podatkov je rezultat rednih letnih statističnih raziskovanj s področja institucionalnega varstva, ki jih izvaja statistični urad. Preostali del nam posredujeta Ministrstvo za delo, družino, socialne zadeve in enake možnosti ter Skupnost socialnih zavodov Slovenije. Zajetje V podatkih so zajeti vsi centri za otroke s posebnimi potrebami, zavodi za usposabljanje otrok in mladostnikov z motnjami v razvoju, domovi za starejše, kombinirani socialnovarstveni zavodi, posebni socialnovarstveni zavodi in varstveno-delovni centri. Poleg že omenjenega prikazujemo tudi nekatere podatke, ki izhajajo iz naslova starševskega varstva in družinskih prejemkov ter socialnega varstva, in sicer: podatke o upravičencih oziroma prejemnikih ter podatke o izplačanih sredstvih za različne pravice iz omenjenih naslovov. Definicije in pojasnila Centri za otroke s posebnimi potrebami so socialnovarstveni zavodi za usposabljanje, vzgojo in izobraževanje, zdravstveno varstvo, rehabilitacijo in nego otrok in mladostnikov z zmerno, težjo in težko motnjo v duševnem razvoju, z dodatnimi motnjami. Domovi za starejše opravljajo institucionalno varstvo starejših, ki nadomešča ali dopolnjuje funkcije doma ali lastne družine (organizirana prehrana in varstvo ter zdravstveno varstvo). Kombinirani socialnovarstveni zavodi so domovi za starejše z enotami za posebne oblike varstva starejših, ki so bolni in bi sodili v posebne socialnovarstvene zavode. Posebni socialnovarstveni zavodi opravljajo posebne oblike institucionalnega varstva za odrasle duševno in telesno prizadete osebe. SOCIAL AND FAMILY WELFARE Sources and methods of data collection One part of data are the result of regular annual statistical surveys on institutional care carried out by the Statistical Office. The other part is sent to us by the Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities and the Association of Social Institutions of Slovenia. Coverage Covered are centres for children with special needs, old people s homes, combined social welfare institutions, special social welfare institutions and centres for protection and training. In addition to already mentioned we also present data arising from parental care and family benefits and social assistance, i. e.: data on beneficiaries or recipients and on amounts paid for different rights from mentioned titles. Definitions and explanations Centres are social health care institution for qualification, education and training, rehabilitation and nursing of children and youth with mild, severe and profound mental disturbances with additional impairments. Old people s homes provide institutional care for the aged, with which they substitute or supplement the functions of home or own family (organised nutrition and care, and health care). Combined social welfare institutions are homes for the aged, which include units for special forms of care for the aged who are sick and would belong into special social welfare institutions. Special social welfare institutions provide special forms of institutional care for mentally and physically handicapped adults. 4

5 Varstveno-delovni centri opravljajo naloge vodenja in varstva ter organizirajo zaposlitev v posebnih razmerah za duševno in telesno prizadete odrasle osebe. Denarna pomoč kot edini vir preživljanja je pomoč osebam, ki so trajno nezmožne za delo, in starejšim od 60 let, če so brez vsakršnih dohodkov oz. prejemkov, brez premoženja in nimajo nikogar, ki bi jih bil dolžan in sposoben preživljati, in živijo doma. Merila za pridobitev te pomoči so objavljena v 24. čl. Zakona o socialnem varstvu (Ur. l. RS, št. 54/92). Denarni dodatek je začasna denarna pomoč posamezniku ali družini, ki si ne more zagotoviti sredstev za preživljanje, in je univerzalne narave. Merila za pridobitev te pomoči so zapisana v 26. čl. Zakona o socialnem varstvu (Ur. l. RS, št. 54/92). Enkratni denarni dodatek je enkratna denarna pomoč, dodeljena upravičencem po 33. čl. Zakona o socialnem varstvu (Ur. l. RS, št. 54/92) za premostitev trenutne materialne ogroženosti, ne glede na pogoje oz. merila, določene v prvem odstavku 26. čl. istega zakona. Denarna socialna pomoč je denarna pomoč (v izjemnih primerih se lahko deloma ali v celoti izplača v naravi v obliki bonov, naročilnice, plačila računov itd.), dodeljena upravičencem, ki si ne morejo sami zagotoviti preživetja z delom, s pravicami iz dela ali zavarovanja, z dohodki iz premoženja in iz drugih virov oziroma z nadomestili ali prejemki po drugih predpisih ali s pomočjo tistih, ki so jih dolžni preživljati, ali na drugačen način. Denarna socialna pomoč je vezana na minimalni dohodek in se usklajuje enkrat letno, in sicer v januarju, za indeks cen življenjskih potrebščin za obdobje zadnjih dvanajst mesecev pred mesecem uskladitve, uporablja pa se od prvega dne naslednjega meseca po uskladitvi. Denarna socialna pomoč se dodeli za določen čas. Če je upravičenec trajno nezmožen za delo in je brez vsakršnih dohodkov oz. prejemkov ter brez premoženja in nima nikogar, ki bi ga bil dolžan in sposoben preživljati, in živi doma, se mu dodeli trajna denarna socialna pomoč. Denarna socialna pomoč je bila uvedena z Zakonom o spremembah in dopolnitvah zakona o socialnem varstvu (Ur. l. RS, št. 26/2001; veljati je začel s ) in je v celoti nadomestila denarno pomoč kot edini vir preživljanja, denarni dodatek in enkratni denarni dodatek. Prikazujemo podatke o otrocih in odraslih, ki so uporabniki socialnovarstvenih storitev in prejemniki denarne socialne pomoči. Otroški dodatek je dopolnilni družinski prejemek, namenjen kot pomoč za delno poravnavanje stroškov pri vzdrževanju otroka. Upravičenec do otroškega dodatka je eden izmed staršev, ki uveljavlja pravico do te pomoči, prejemnik pa otrok, ki mu je ta dodatek dodeljen. Do otroškega dodatka so upravičeni otroci, če dohodek na družinskega člana ne presega 43 % (to je veljalo od do ) oziroma 50 % povprečne plače v Sloveniji (to je veljalo od do ). Od je bila višina otroškega dodatka odvisna od dohodka na družinskega člana, za kar je bilo predvideno 8 dohodkovnih razredov. Višina je bila odvisna tudi od števila otrok v družini, ki so prejemali otroški dodatek; najnižja je bila za prvega otroka, višja za drugega, za tretjega in naslednje otroke pa je bila najvišja. Višina otroškega dodatka je bila določena v nominalnih zneskih, ki so se dvakrat letno usklajevali z rastjo cen življenskih potrebščin. Po Zakonu o starševskem varstvu in družinskih prejemkih, ki je pričel veljati s je višina dodatka odvisna od višine dohodka na družinskega člana, za kar je predvidenih 8 dohodkovnih razredov. Ti so določeni v odstotku od povprečne mesečne plače vseh zaposlenih v Republiki Sloveniji za koledarsko leto pred vložitvijo zahtevka. Višina otroškega dodatka se določi glede na uvrstitev družine v dohodkovni razred. Višina otroškega dodatka je odvisna tudi od števila otrok v družini, ki prejemajo otroški dodatek; najnižji je za prvega otroka, višji za drugega, za tretjega in naslednje otroke pa najvišji. Višina otroškega dodatka je določena v nominalnih zneskih in se usklajuje enkrat letno z indeksom rasti cen življenjskih potrebščin. Nominalne meje dohodkovnih razredov se določijo v mesecu marcu za preteklo koledarsko leto. Kadar otrok živi v enostarševski družini se posamezni znesek otroškega dodatka poveča za %. Če predšolski otrok ni vključen v predšolsko vzgojo v skladu s predpisi, ki urejajo vrtce, se posamezni znesek otroškega dodatka poveča za 20 %. Kadar otrok po Centres for protection and training provide special training and care for mentally and physically handicapped adults. Income support as the only source of livelihood is assistance to persons who are permanently unable to work and to persons over 60 years of age who live at home but have no income or property and have no one who would be obliged or capable of supporting them. Criteria for obtaining this assistance are described in Article 24 of the Social Welfare Act (OJ RS No. 54/92). Income support is temporary assistance to individuals or families who cannot provide funds for living and is of universal nature. Criteria for obtaining this assistance are described in Article 26 of the Social Welfare Act (OJ RS No. 54/92). Single income support is a one-time financial assistance to persons eligible to it according to Article 33 of the Social Welfare Act (OJ RS No. 54/92) in order to bridge current financial difficulties, irrespective of conditions defined in Paragraph 1 of Article 26 of the same act. Financial social assistance is financial assistance (exceptionally it can be given in kind in the form of coupons, order forms, payment of bills, etc.) given to entitled persons that cannot provide their own living by working, with rights from work or insurance, with income from property and from other sources, or with benefits or receipts according to other regulations, or with the help of those who are obliged to support them or in some other way. Financial social assistance depends on the minimum income and is adjusted once a year in January according to the consumer price index for the period of the last twelve months before the month of adjustment. It is used from the first day of the next month after the adjustment. Financial social assistance is temporary. In case the entitled person is permanently incapacitated for work and is without any income or receipts and without any property and has nobody who would be obliged and capable to support him and lives at home, a permanent financial social assistance is given. Financial social assistance was introduced with the Act Amending the Social Welfare Act (OJ RS 26/2001, which came into force on 1 September 2001) and replaced financial assistance as the only source of livelihood, financial assistance and single financial assistance. Data on children and adults recipients of social welfare services and benefits are also shown. Child allowance is supplementary family receipt for partial coverage of expenses for supporting a child. The beneficiary of this allowance is one of the parents exercising the right to this type of assistance, while the recipient is a child. Children are entitled to child allowance if monthly income per family member does not exceed 43% (from 1 January to 30 April 1994) or 50% of the average salary in Slovenia (from 1 May 1994 to 1 May 1999). Since 1 May 1999 the amount of the child allowance depended on income per family member. To this end there were 8 income classes. The amount also depended on the number of children in the family receiving child allowance. It was the lowest for the first child, higher for the second child and the highest for the third and any subsequent child. The child allowance was defined in nominal amounts, which were adjusted with the growth of consumer prices twice a year. According to the Parenthood and Family Earnings Act, which came into force on 1 January 2002, the amount of child allowance depends on the income per family member. To this end there are 8 income classes. They are defined as percentage of average monthly salary of all persons in paid employment in the Republic of Slovenia for the calendar year before the application was submitted. The amount of the child allowance depends on the family ranking in these income classes. The amount of the child allowance also depends on the number of children in the family receiving child allowance. It is the lowest for the first child, higher for the second child and the highest for the third and any subsequent child. The child allowance is defined in nominal amounts and is adjusted once a year with the consumer price index. The nominal income classes are determined in March for the previous calendar year. If a child lives in a one-parent family, the amount of the child allowance is increased by %. If a pre-school child does not attend kindergarten in accordance with regulations for kindergartens, the amount of the child allowance is 5

6 18. letu starosti sam uveljavlja pravico do otroškega dodatka, mu pripada otroški dodatek v višini, ki velja za prvega otroka (65. čl.). Nadomestilo plače med porodniškim dopustom je nadomestilo plače, namenjeno materi v času dopusta ob rojstvu otroka, dopusta za nego in varstvo otroka ter daljšega dopusta za nego in varstvo otroka. Pravico do tega nadomestila plače ima lahko tudi otrokov oče ali druga oseba, ki otroka neguje in varuje, ter oseba, ki sprejme otroka v rejo in varstvo zaradi posvojitve. Starševski dodatek je denarna pomoč staršem, kadar po rojstvu otroka le-ti niso upravičeni do starševskega nadomestila. Pravica do starševskega dodatka je bila uveljavljena z Zakonom o družinskih prejemkih ( ). Upravičenke so imele pravico do starševskega dodatka v trajanju, kot je bilo določeno v predpisih o delovnih razmerjih v zvezi s pravico do zadržanosti z dela zaradi porodniškega dopusta in dopusta za nego in varstvo otroka. Starševski dodatek je znašal 52 % zajamčene plače. Po Zakonu o starševskem varstvu in družinskih prejemkih ima pravico do starševskega dodatka mati, ki nima pravice do starševskega nadomestila oziroma nadomestila plače po drugih zakonih in pravice do delnega plačila za izgubljeni dohodek. Pomoč za opremo novorojenca je enkratna pomoč ob rojstvu otroka v obliki zavitka za novorojenca (v treh različicah: A, B, C) ali kot enakovredna denarna pomoč. Pravica do dodatka za nego otroka, ki potrebuje posebno nego in varstvo, označuje denarni dodatek za nego, ki se izplačuje enemu od staršev hudo bolnega otroka ali otroka s telesno ali duševno prizadetostjo in je namenjen poravnavanju povečanih stroškov, ki jih ima družina zaradi nege in varstva hudo bolnega otroka ali otroka z motnjami v telesnem ali duševnem razvoju. Pravica do tega dodatka je bila uveljavljena z Zakonom o družinskih prejemkih s Upravičenec do dodatka za nego otroka je hudo bolan otrok ali otrok s telesno ali duševno prizadetostjo, ki je državljan Republike Slovenije in ima v Republiki Sloveniji stalno prebivališče. Dodatek za nego otroka se kot denarni dodatek izplačuje na podlagi mnenja izvedenske komisije enemu od staršev hudo bolnega otroka ali otroka s telesno ali duševno prizadetostjo. Višina dodatka za nego otroka znaša 30 % zajamčene plače, oz. 20 % zajamčene plače, če je otrok v dnevnem institucionalnem varstvu, v katerem ima brezplačno oskrbo. S so bile uveljavljene spremembe in dopolnitve zakona, s katerimi je bilo določeno, da so do dodatka za nego otroka upravičeni tudi hudo bolni otroci ali otroci s telesno ali duševno prizadetostjo, ki so starejši od 18 let, če se šolajo, najdlje pa do 26. leta starosti. Dodatek za veliko družino je letni dodatek družini s tremi ali več otroki. Pravica je opredeljena z Zakonom o starševskem varstvu in družinskih prejemkih. Izplačuje se enkrat letno v enkratnem znesku. Dodatek za veliko družino je bil uveden s Delno plačilo za izgubljeni dohodek je osebni prejemek, ki ga prejme eden od staršev, kadar prekine delovno razmerje ali prične delati s krajšim delovnim časom zaradi nege in varstva otroka s težko motnjo v duševnem razvoju ali težko gibalno oviranega otroka. Pravica je opredeljena z Zakonom o starševskem varstvu in družinskih prejemkih. Pravica do tega prejemka je pričela veljati s Pravice iz naslova krajšega delovnega časa je pravica staršev do krajšega delovnega časa zaradi starševstva. Pravica je opredeljena z Zakonom o starševskem varstvu in družinskih prejemkih. Pravica do tega prejemka je pričela veljati s Pravica zaradi zapustitve trga dela je pravica enega izmed staršev, ki zapusti trg dela zaradi nege in varstva štirih ali več otrok. Starš, ki se odloči za to, ima pravico do plačila prispevkov za socialno varnost od minimalne plače do dopolnjenega desetega leta starosti najmlajšega otroka. Pravica je opredeljena z Zakonom o starševskem varstvu in družinskih prejemkih. Pravica do tega prejemka je pričela veljati s increased by 20%. If a child after completing 18 years of age exercises the right to receive child allowance, the amount is the same as for the first child (Article 65). Maternity leave compensation is compensation of income for the time of maternity leave at childbirth, leave for the care and nursing of the child, or longer leave for the care and nursing of the child. Father or some other person taking care of the child or a person fostering the child for adoption can also be eligible to maternity leave compensation. Parental allowance is financial assistance to parents when they are not entitled to receive parental compensation after the birth of the child. The right to receive parental allowance was introduced by the Family Earnings Act on 18 December The duration of receiving this allowance was defined by the regulations on labour relations in connection with the right to be absent from work due to maternity leave or leave for the care and nursing of the child. The parental allowance amounted to 52% of the guaranteed salary. According to the Parenthood and Family Earnings Act, every mother who does not have the right to receive parental compensation or wage compensation according to other laws and the right to partial payment for lost income has the right to receive parental allowance. Assistance for goods for a new-born child is a one-time assistance at childbirth. It is given as a package for a new-born child (in three varieties A, B, C) or as financial assistance. Allowance for nursing a child who needs special care and nursing is a financial allowance for nursing, paid to one of the parents of a severely ill child or a physically or mentally handicapped child. It is intended for covering increased expenses that the family has due to nursing and caring for a severely ill or a physically or mentally handicapped child. The right to receive allowance for nursing a child was introduced with the Family Earnings Act on 1 May Beneficiaries of this allowance are severely ill children or physically or mentally handicapped children, on condition that they are citizens of the Republic of Slovenia and have permanent residence in Slovenia. This allowance is paid to one of the parents of the severely ill or physically or mentally handicapped child on the basis of an expert opinion of a special commission. If the child lives at home with parents, the allowance amounts to 30% of the guaranteed salary. If the child is in daily institutional care with free nursing, the allowance amounts to 20% of the guaranteed salary. On 1 May 1999 changes and supplements of the mentioned act were enforced with which it was determined that severely ill children or physically or mentally handicapped children over 18 years of age and in training are also entitled to receive this allowance, but not after they complete 26 years of age. Large family allowance is an annual benefit for families with three or more children. The right is granted according to the Parenthood and Family Earnings Act. It is paid once a year as a lump sum. The large family allowance was introduced on 1 January Partial payment for lost income is remuneration received by one of the parents breaking the labour relation or starting to work part time because of nursing or caring for a severely physically or mentally handicapped child. The right is granted according to the Parenthood and Family Earnings Act. This right was introduced on 1 January Parents right to shorter working time due the parenthood is parent's right to part-time work due to parenthood. The right is granted according to the Parenthood and Family Earnings Act. This right was introduced on 1 January Payment of contributions in the case of four or more children is parent s right to payment of social security contributions based on the minimum wage, until the youngest child has completed ten years of age. The right is granted according to the Parenthood and Family Earnings Act. This right was introduced on 1 January

7 Objavljanje Publishing Letno: Prva statistična objava. Annually: First Release. Slovenija v številkah Slovenia in Figures Statistični letopis Republike Slovenije Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Slovenia 7