Predmet: Course title: UČNI NAČRT PREDMETA / COURSE SYLLABUS Arheologija okolja Environmental Archaeology Študijski program in stopnja Study programme and level Študijska smer Study field Letnik Academic year Semester Semester Arheologija, 1. stopnja / 3. 5. (zimski) Archaeology, 1st cycle / 3. 5. (winter) Vrsta predmeta / Course type Obvezni stroka (O-ST) / Compulsory disciplinary (C-D) Univerzitetna koda predmeta / University course code: Predavanja Lectures Seminar Seminar Vaje Tutorial Klinične vaje work Druge oblike študija Samost. delo Individ. work 40 / 20 / / 90 5 ECTS Nosilec predmeta / Lecturer: Doc. dr. / assist. prof. dr. Maja Andrič; soizvajalka: doc. dr. / assist. prof. dr. Irena Debeljak Jeziki / Languages: Predavanja / slovenski/ Slovene Lectures: Vaje / Tutorial: slovenski/ Slovene Pogoji za vključitev v delo oz. za opravljanje študijskih obveznosti: - Vpis v tretji letnik dodiplomskega študija arheologije. - Opravljene vaje so pogoj za pristop k izpitu. Prerequisits: - Enrollment in the third year of the 1st-cycle (BA) programme in Archaeology. - Completed tutorial is the condition for the student to be allowed to take the exam.
Vsebina: Predmet je sestavljen iz dveh vsebinskih sklopov arheozoologije in paleobotanike. Arheozoologija: kratek pregled odnosa med človekom in živaljo v različnih arheoloških obdobjih; splošne značilnosti kosti in zob (sestava, zgradba, rast, fosilizacija); sistematično spoznavanje skeleta najpogosteje odkritih živali v arheoloških najdiščih, uporaba in obdelava kosti; izdelki iz kosti (orodje, orožje, okrasni predmeti); tafonomija, sledovi na kosteh (fragmentiranost, vrezi, ugrizi, ožganost, patološke spremembe... ); prepoznavanje aktivnosti človeka, zveri in vpliva okolja po odmrtju; priporočila za ravnanje s kostmi med izkopavanji; osnovne analize kostnega gradiva (determinacija, identifikacija in interpretacija sledov na kosteh, določanje spola, starosti in sezone smrti, merjenje kosti, statistične analize...); pregled sodobnih raziskovalnih metod; možnosti in omejitve arheozoologije. Paleobotanika: pregled paleobotaničnih disciplin in postopkov (palinologija, karpološke, ksilotomske in antrakotomske analize, analiza fitolitov); osnove ekologije rastlin in fitogeografije; razvoj poznoglacialne in holocenske vegetacije v Evropi in Sloveniji ter človekovega vpliva na okolje v različnih arheoloških obdobjih načrtovanje samostojne raziskave; izbor in vzorčenje arheoloških / paleoekoloških najdišč, načini shranjevanja paleobotaničnih vzorcev; interpretativni domet in možnosti posameznih paleobotaničnih disciplin. Content (Syllabus outline): The course consists of two sets of content - archaeozoology and palaeobotany. Archaeozoology: a brief overview of the relationship between man and animal in different archaeological periods; general characteristics of bones and teeth (composition, structure, growth, fossilization); systematic learning about the skeletons of animals, most commonly found in archaeological sites, use and processing of bones, bone products (tools, weapons, decorative objects); taphonomy, traces on bones (fragmentation, cuts, bites, burn marks, pathological changes etc.); identifying the activities of man, beast, and the impact of the environment after the end of life; recommendations for the treatment of bones during excavations; basic analysis of bone materials (determination, identification and interpretation of traces on bones, determination of gender, age and season of death, bone measurements, statistical analysis etc.); overview of modern research methods; the possibilities and limitations of archaeozoology. Palaeobotany: an overview of palaeobotanical disciplines and procedures (palynology, carpological, xylotomical and anthracotomical analysis, analysis of phytoliths); basics of plant ecology and phytogeography; the development of Late-Glacial and Holocene vegetation in Europe and Slovenia and the human impact on the environment in different archaeological periods, independent research planning; selection and sampling of archaeological /
palaeoecological sites, methods of palaeobotanical samples storage; the interpretative scope and possibilities of individual palaeobotanical disciplines. Temeljni literatura in viri / Readings: CLUTTON-BROCK, J., 1999: A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals. 238 str., Cambridge University Press. DAVIS, S. J. M., 1987: The Archaeology of Animals. 224 str., B. T. Bratsford Ltd., London. RACKHAM, D. J., 1994: Animal bones Interpreting the Past. 64 str., University of California Press. SCHMID, E., 1972: Atlas of Animal Bones. 159 str., Elsevier, Amsterdam. CULIBERG, M. 1991. Late Glacial Vegetation in Slovenia. Kasnoglacialna vegetacija v Sloveniji. Dela 4. razreda SAZU 29. 52 str., Ljubljana: SAZU. MOORE, P. D., WEBB J. A. IN COLLINSON M. E. 1991. Pollen Analysis. Second Edition. Oxford: Blackwell Science (poglavja: 1. Basis and Applications, 2. Sources of Fossil Pollen, 3. The Collection of Samples, 7. Assembling Pollen Data in 8. Interpreting Pollen Data), strani 1-9, 10-28, 29-38, 167-180, 181-191. PEARSALL, D. M. 2000. Paleoethnobotany (A Handbook of Procedures). Second Edition. 700 str., London: Academic Press. ŠERCELJ, A. 1996. Začetki in razvoj gozdov v Sloveniji. The Origins and Development of Forests in Slovenia. Dela 4. razreda SAZU 35. 142 str., Ljubljana: SAZU OPOMBA: Navedeni atlasi in priročniki se konzultirajo predvsem za izbrane teme glede na predavane vsebine in predloge učitelja. NOTE: The listed texts should be consulted primarily for the chosen topics according to the lecture contents or professor s suggestions. Cilji in kompetence: Glavna cilja predmeta sta pridobivanje temeljnih znanj o preteklem človekovem okolju (paleookolje), o izrabi naravnih virov (paleoekonomija) in o interdisciplinarnih povezavah naravoslovnih disciplin z arheologijo. Študentje bodo pridobili osnovne kompetence za razumevanje vloge in pomena arheozooloških in paleobotaničnih raziskovalnih postopkov in njihovih rezultatov v kontekstu arheološke interpretacije. Objectives and competences: The main course objectives are for students to acquire the fundamental knowledge of past human environment (Palaeoenvironment), the use of natural resources (Palaeoeconomy), and the interdisciplinary connections between natural science disciplines and archaeology. Students will acquire basic skills for understanding the role and importance of archaeozoological and palaeobotanical research procedures and their results in the context of archaeological interpretation. Izbrisano:
Predvideni študijski rezultati: Znanje in razumevanje: Sposobnost determinacije nefragmentiranega kostnega in zobnega materiala s pomočjo primerjalnih atlasov in komparativnega materiala. Poznavanje osnovnih raziskovalnih področij paleobotanike. Razumevanje različnih tafonomskih in formacijskih procesov ter prepoznavanje antropogenih in drugih sledov na kostnem in rastlinskem gradivu Poznavanje glavnih raziskovalnih metod na področju arheozoologije in paleobotanike (vzorčenje, laboratorijske analize, interpretativne možnosti). Razumevanje vloge arheozoologije in paleobotanike v rekonstrukciji preteklega okolja, razumevanje človekovih aktivnosti, v zvezi z živalskimi in rastlinskimi ostanki, razumevanje odnosa med človekom in živalmi ter rastlinami in spremembe tega odnosa skozi čas in vpliv na razvoj človeške družbe. Poznavanje razvoja paleookolja v poznem glacialu in holocenu v Evropi in Sloveniji ter človekovega vpliva na okolje. Intended learning outcomes: Knowledge and understanding: Ability to determine the non-fragmented bone and dental materials by means of comparative atlases and comparative material. Knowledge of basic research areas of palaeobotany. Understanding the different taphonomic and formative processes and identification of anthropogenic and other traces on bone and plant material. Knowledge of research methods in the fields of archaeozoology and palaeobotany (sampling, laboratory analysis, interpretive possibilities). Understanding the roles of archaeozoology and palaeobotany in the reconstruction of past environments, understanding human activities in relation to animal and plant residues, understanding the relationship between humans, animals and plants, along with the changes in this relationship in the course of time, and the impact to the development of human society. Knowledge about the development of palaeoenvironment in the Late-Glacial and Holocene periods in Europe and Slovenia, as well as the human impact on the environment. Izbrisano: R Izbrisano: h Metode poučevanja in učenja: Predavanja (teoretični del) in vaje (praktično delo na gradivu). Analiza in diskusija primerov iz literature. Learning and teaching methods: Lectures (theoretical part) and tutorial (practical part). Analyses and discussion of selected case studies. Izbrisano: ) Načini ocenjevanja: Način (pisni izpit, ustno izpraševanje, naloge, projekt) Izpit (dvodelni). Skupna ocena: 1. del izpita (50%), 2. del izpita (50%). Aktivna udeležba in opravljene obveznosti pri vajah so pogoj za pristop k izpitu. Delež (v %) / Weight (in %) 1. del izpita (50%), 2. del izpita (50%)./ 1st examination (50%) and 2nd Assessment: Type (examination, oral, coursework, project): Examination (twopartite). 1st examination (50%). 2nd examination (50%). Active participation and completed tutorial assignments are required in
Pri vajah je zahtevana najmanj 80%-na prisotnost. Vsak izostanek mora biti opravičen. Ocenjevalna lestvica: od 5 do 10 (5 negativno, 6-10 pozitivno), skladno s Statutom Univerze v Ljubljani in Pravilnikom o izpitnem redu in drugih oblikah preverjanja in ocenjevanja znanja Filozofske fakultete. examination (50%) order to take the exam. A minimal attendance of 80% is required in the tutorial. Every absence must be excused. Assessment scale: 6 10 (positive) or 5 (negative); in line with the Statute of the University of Ljubljana and the faculty's examination rules. Reference nosilca / Lecturer's references: Doc. dr. Maja ANDRIČ, Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU, Inštitut za arheologijo Diplomirala in magistriala je iz arheologije na Filozofski fakulteti Univerze v Ljubljani (Oddelek za arheologijo). V letih 1997 2001 se je strokovno usposabljala v Veliki Britaniji, na Univerzi v Cambridgeu (Department of Plant Sciences) in Univerzi v Oxfordu (School of Geography and the Environment), kjer je leta 2001 tudi doktorirala. Ukvarja se s paleoekološkimi (palinološkimi) raziskavami, še zlasti s proučevanjem razvoja vegetacije in človekovega vpliva na okolje v poznem glacialu in holocenu. Sodeluje pri domačih in mednarodnih multidisciplinarnih arheoloških in paleoekoloških raziskovalnih projektih, ki so podrobneje predstavljeni na spletnih straneh Inštituta za arheologijo (http://www.zrc-sazu.si/iza/si/pageloader.html?naslov.iza.htm). Od leta 2002 na Oddelku za arheologijo Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani poučuje paleobotaniko. She attained BA and MA in archaeology at the University of Ljubljana (Department of Archaeology). In 1997-2001 she underwent expert training in the UK, at the University of Cambridge (Department of Plant Sciences) and University of Oxford (School of Geography and the Environment), where she also attained her PhD in 2001. She focuses on palaeoecological (palynological) research, especially studies on the development of vegetation and the human impact on the environment in the Late-Glacial and Holocene periods. She takes part in national and international multidisciplinary archaeological and palaeoecological research projects, which are presented in detail on the website of the Institute of Archaeology (http://iza2.zrcsazu.si/sl/sodelavci/maja-andric-sl#v). Since 2002 she teaches palaeobotany at the Department of Archaeology, University of Ljubljana. Izbrana bibliografija / Selected bibliography: ANDRIČ, M. in K. J. WILLIS. 2003. The phytogeographical regions of Slovenia: a consequence of natural environmental variation or prehistoric human activity? Journal of Ecology 91: 807 821. ANDRIČ, M. 2007. The Holocene vegetation development in Bela krajina (Slovenia) and the impact of first farmers on the landscape. The Holocene 17 (6): 763 776. ANDRIČ, M., B. KROFLIČ, M. J. TOMAN, N. OGRINC, T. DOLENEC, M. DOBNIKAR, B. ČERMELJ, 2008. Late Quaternary vegetation and hydrological change at Ljubljansko barje (Slovenia), Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 270, 150 165.
ANDRIČ, M., J. MASSAFERRO, U. EICHER, B. AMMANN, M. C. LEUENBERGER, A. MARTINČIČ, E. MARINOVA in A. BRANCELJ, 2009. A multi-proxy Late-glacial palaeoenvironmental record from Lake Bled, Slovenia, Hydrobiologia 631, 121 141. ANDRIČ, M. 2009. Holocenske paleoekološke in paleohidrološke razmere na Ljubljanskem barju prispevek k diskusiji / The Holocene palaeoecological and palaeohydrological conditions at Ljubljansko barje a contribution to discussion. Arheološki vestnik 60: 317 331. ANDRIČ, M., MARTINČIČ, A., ŠTULAR B., PETEK F. in T. GOSLAR. 2010. Land-use changes in the Alps (Slovenia) in the fifteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries AD: A comparative study of the pollen record and historical data. The Holocene 20(7): 1023 1037. LANE, C., ANDRIČ, M., CULLEN V. L. in BLOCKLEY S. P. E. 2011. The occurrence of distal Icelandic and Italian tephra in the Lateglacial of Lake Bled, Slovenia. Quaternary Science Reviews 30, 1013 1018. FEURDEAN A., A. PERŞOIU, I. TANŢĂU, T. STEVENS, E.K. MAGYARI, B.P. ONAC, S. MARKOVIĆ, M. ANDRIČ, S. CONNOR, S. FĂRCAŞ, M. GAŁKA, T. GAUDENY, W. HOEK, P. KOLACZEK, P. KUNEŠ, M. LAMENTOWICZ, E. MARINOVA, D.J. MICHCZYŃSKA, I. PERŞOIU, M. PŁÓCIENNIK, M. SŁOWIŃSKI, M. STANCIKAITE, P. SUMEGI, A. SVENSSON, T. TĂMAS, A. TIMAR, S. TONKOV, M. TOTH, S. VESKI, K.J. WILLIS, V. ZERNITSKAYA. 2014, Climate variability and associated vegetation response throughout Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) between 60 and 8 ka, Quaternary Science Reviews 106, 206 224. ANDRIČ, M., TOLAR, T., in TOŠKAN, B. 2016. Okoljska arheologija in paleoekologija: palinologija, arheobotanika in arheozoologija, Ljubljana, Založba ZRC. Doc. dr. Irena DEBELJAK, znanstvena sodelavka, Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU, Paleontološki inštitut Ivana Rakovca Diplomirala, magistrirala in doktorirala je iz geologije na Fakulteti za naravoslovje in tehnologijo oz. Naravoslovnotehniški fakulteti Univerze v Ljubljani. Ukvarja se z raziskavami paleontologije vretenčarjev (zgornjekredni krokodili, dinozavri, pleistocenski sesalci), arheozoologije, paleohistologije (mikroskopske značilnosti fosiliziranih skeletnih tkiv; njihov pomen za pelontologijo, paleobiologijo in arheozoologijo). Na Oddelku za arheologijo Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani od leta 1997 sodeluje kot soizvajalka pri predmetu Geologija kvartarja. She graduated and attained MA and PhD in geology at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering of the University of Ljubljana. She deals with research in vertebrate paleontology (Late Cretaceous crocodiles, dinosaurs, Pleistocene mammals), archaeozoology, paleohistology (microscopic characteristics of the fossilized skeletal tissues; their importance for paleontology, paleobiology and archaeozoology). Since 1997 she has been co-teaching the course Geology of Quaternary at the Department of Archaeology, University of Ljubljana. Izbrana bibliografija/ Selected bibliography: DEBELJAK, I.: Fossil population structure of the cave bear from Potočka zijalka (Slovenia). Mitt. Komm. Quartärforsch. Österr. Akad. Wiss. 13, 2004, str. 173 182. DEBELJAK, I.: Fossil population structure of the cave bear from Divje babe I site, Slovenia. Abh. Karst- Höhlenkd. A 34, 2002, str. 41 48.
DEBELJAK, I.: Dental cementum in the cave bear; comparison of different preparation techniques. Geološki zbornik 15, 2000, str. 25 40. DEBELJAK, I.: A simple preparation technique of cave bear teeth for age determination by cementum increments. Rev. paleobiol. 15/1, 1996, str. 105 108. DEBELJAK, I., 1996: Ontogenetic development of dentition in the cave bear. Geologija 39, str. 13 77. DEBELJAK, A., I. DEBELJAK in V. RAJKOVIČ: Obvladovanje konceptualnih zmot na področju arheozoologije z uporabo interneta. V: V. RAJKOVIČ, T. URBANČIČ in M. BERNIK (ur.): Vzgoja in izobraževanje v informacijski družbi. Organizacija 34/8, 2001, str. 541 545. DEBELJAK, I., A. KOŠIR, E. BUFFETAUT in B. OTONIČAR: The Late Cretaceous dinosaurs and crocodiles of Kozina (SW Slovenia): a preliminary study. Mem. Soc. Geol. It. 57/1, 2002, str. 193 201. DEBELJAK, I., E. BUFFETAUT, S. BUSER, A. KOŠIR, K. KRIVIC, V. MIKUŽ in B. OTONIČAR: Terrestrial vertebrate locality in Upper Cretaceous Gosau Beds near Stranice (NE Slovenia). Geološki zbornik 18, 2005, str. 26 28. DEBELJAK, I. in S. BUSER: Lithiotid bivalves in Slovenia and their mode of life. Geologija 40, 1997, str. 3 25. TURK, I., J. DIRJEC, I. DEBELJAK in D. HUBER: Divje babe I poskus uporabe statistične analize množičnih živalskih ostankov v paleolitski arheologiji: IV. Posamično najdeni zobje jamskega medveda. Arheološki vestnik 43, 1992, str. 7 22.