2013 Yearbook
2013 Yearbook ISSN 1849-4420 Zagreb, May 2014
Impressum Publisher:, Zagreb, Radnička cesta 1 Phone: 00385 1 61 26 000 Fax: 00385 1 61 26 038 E-mail Editorial Office: marica.baric@hzz.hr Website: http://www.hzz.hr On Behalf of the Publisher: Ankica Paun Jarallah Director General of the Editor: Marica Barić English Translation: Abis d.o.o., Zagreb Graphic Design and Print: Intergrafika TTŽ d.o.o., Zagreb Circulation: 150 copies 2
2013 Yearbook Table of Contents Economy and Labour Force 7 Unemployment 12 Labour Force Demand and Employment 20 Active Labour Market Policy 31 Unemployment Insurance 36 Projects Supported by the International Community 40 Organisation and Operations of the CES Organisational Structure and Employees 48 Main Responsibilities and Development Strategy of the 45 Job Placement and Preparation for Employment 50 Sources of Financing and Structure of Expenditures 56 Internal Financial Control System 60 ICT Support for CES Operations 62 Publicity and International Cooperation 63 3
Geographic Locations of Regional and Local Offices of the by County COUNTY REGIONAL OFFICE LOCAL OFFICE Dugo Selo Velika Gorica I Zagreb Ivanić-Grad Vrbovec Jastrebarsko Zaprešić Zagreb City of Zagreb Samobor Zagreb South Sesvete Zagreb West Sveti Ivan Zelina Donja Stubica Zabok II Krapina-Zagorje Krapina Klanjec Zlatar Pregrada Dvor Petrinja Sisak Glina Sunja III Sisak-Moslavina Gvozd Topusko Hrvatska Kostajnica Kutina Novska Popovača Duga Resa Slunj IV Karlovac Karlovac Ogulin Vojnić Ozalj V Varaždin Varaždin Cestica Ludbreg Ivanec Novi Marof VI Koprivnica-Križevci Križevci Đurđevac Koprivnica VII Bjelovar-Bilogora Bjelovar Čazma Garešnica Daruvar Grubišno Polje Cres-Lošinj Krk VIII Primorje-Gorski Kotar Rijeka Crikvenica Opatija Čabar Rab Delnice Vrbovsko Donji Lapac Otočac IX Lika-Senj Gospić Korenica Senj Novalja X Virovitica-Podravina Virovitica Orahovica Slatina Pitomača XI Požega-Slavonia Požega Pakrac XII Slavonski Brod-Posavina Slavonski Brod Nova Gradiška Okučani Benkovac Obrovac XIII Zadar Zadar Biograd Pag Gračac Beli Manastir Našice XIV Osijek-Baranja Osijek Donji Miholjac Valpovo Đakovo XV Šibenik-Knin Šibenik Drniš Vodice Knin XVI Vukovar-Srijem Vukovar Ilok Vinkovci Otok Županja Hvar Solin Imotski Supetar XVII Split-Dalmatia Split Kaštela Trilj Makarska Trogir Omiš Vis Sinj Vrgorac Buzet Poreč XVIII Istria Pula Labin Rovinj Pazin Umag XIX Dubrovnik-Neretva Dubrovnik Korčula-Lastovo Ploče Metković XX Međimurje Čakovec Mursko Središće Prelog 4
2013 Yearbook Map of Regional and Local Offices of the Croatian Employment Service by County Centarl office Regional office Local office 5
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2013 Yearbook Economy and Labour Force Basic Economic Trends In 2013, Croatia once again recorded a decrease in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), with the real rate of decrease at the level of 1.0%. A decline in economic activity was recorded in all four quarters (-1.5% in Q1, -0.7% in Q2, -0.6% in Q3 and -1.2% in Q4 compared to the same quarters of 2012). The lowest rate of decrease was recorded in the third quarter of the year as a result of a successful tourist season. Further decline in GDP was caused by the continued decrease in domestic demand, primarily personal consumption, but also the real decrease in the total value of exports of goods and services caused by the negative trend recorded in exports of goods. Basic Economic Indicators in 2012 and 2013, Growth Rates (%) 2012 2013 Gross Domestic Product -1.9-1.0 Physical Volume of Industrial Production -5.5-1.8 Physical Volume of Construction Works -11.8-4.1 Nominal Retail Trade Turnover -0.9 1.7 Real Retail Trade Turnover -4.1-0.6 Tourist Overnights 4.0 3.3 Exports Total (HRK) 1.4-6.1 Imports Total (HRK) 0.4-1.9 Average Monthly Net Salaries 0.7 0.7 Real Net Salaries -2.6-1.5 Consumer Price Indices 3.4 2.2 Total Number of Employed Persons -1.1-2.2 Total Number of Unemployed Persons 6.2 6.4 Registered Unemployment Rate 18.9 20.2 LFS Unemployment Rate 15.9 17.2 Source: Croatian Bureau of Statistics In 2013, industrial production decreased by 1.8% compared to 2012, thus showing a continued declining trend. The rate of decrease was relatively slower compared to the year before however. Negative trends were recorded in manufacturing (-4.0%) and mining and quarrying (-2.7%). 2013 however brought an increase of 10.6% in electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning supply. In 2013, a slower rate of decrease was recorded in total construction activity as well. This slowdown was a result of the recovery recorded in construction works on infrastructural buildings. The annual rate of decrease in the physical volume of construction works was 4.1%, which is a significantly lower rate of decrease compared to last year s 11.8%. Compared to 2012, 2013 also brought a slight recovery in retail trade. In 2013, nominal turnover increased by 1.7%, compared to a decrease of 0.9% recorded in 2012. In spite of the mentioned increase in nominal turnover, real retail trade turnover fell by 0.6% in 2013. This is however a considerably lower rate of decrease compared to -4.1% recorded in 2012. 7
Tourism is the only economic activity in which positive results are recorded on a continuous basis. In 2013, tourist arrivals and tourist overnights increased by 5.1% and 3.3% respectively. This increase was primarily a reflection of the positive trend in foreign tourist overnights, while domestic tourist overnights have been mainly showing a declining trend during the past two years. In 2013, the share of foreign tourists in the total number of arrivals was 88.1% and in the total number of overnights 92.1%, while domestic tourists accounted for 11.9% of total arrivals and 7.9% of total overnights. In 2013, Croatia recorded negative trends in foreign trade exchange. Exports decreased by 6.1% and imports by 1.9%. The Export Import Coverage Ratio fell from 59.4% recorded in 2012 to 56.9% in 2013. The annual rate of inflation, measured on the basis of the Consumer Price Index, fell from 3.4% recorded in 2012 to 2.2% in 2013. A nominal increase of 0.7% in average net salaries paid out to employed persons was recorded in 2013. However, due to inflation, the rate of change in real net salaries was -1.5%. Labour Force in Croatia In 2013, the labour market continued recording negative trends. The average number of employed persons further decreased, while the number of unemployed persons increased. Consequently, the average unemployment rate increased as well. Registered Employment and Unemployment According to the data of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics based on administrative sources, total economically active population of the Republic of Croatia decreased in 2013 by 0.6%. This decrease was caused by a decrease of 2.2% in the number of employed persons and an increase of 6.4% in the number of unemployed persons. Economically Active Population Based on Administrative Sources, Annual Average, 2011-2013 2012/2011 2011 2012 2013 Index 2013/2012 Index Active Population 1,716,571 1,719,440 1,709,410 100.2 99.4 Employed 1,411,238 1,395,116 1,364,298 98.9 97.8 - employed in legal entities 1,159,657 1,153,497 1,132,246 99.5 98.2 - employed in crafts, trades and free professions 220,637 212, 851 206,658 96.5 97.1 - insured persons (farmers) 30,944 28,768 25,394 93.0 88.3 Unemployed 305,333 324,324 345,112 106.2 106.4 Registered Unemployment Rate 17.8 18.9 20.2 - - Source: Croatian Bureau of Statistics The number of employed persons continued to decrease in 2013 as well. The annual average registered employment amounted to 1,364,298, which represents a decrease by 30,818 persons or 2.2% compared to 2012 when the rate of decrease in total employment amounted to 1.1%. In 2013, the greatest relative decrease in employment was recorded in the sector of individual farmers (by 11.7%), the sector of crafts, trades and free professions (by 2.9%) and the sector of legal entities (by 1.8%). According to the National Classification of Activities (Schedule 1, page 11), the greatest number of employed persons was recorded in manufacturing (233,334 or 17.1%), wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (207,153 or 15.2%), public administration, defence and compulsory social insurance (116,090 or 8.5%) and education (109,765 or 8.0%). 8
2013 Yearbook Compared to 2012, the number of employed persons decreased in sixteen areas of activity. The most significant percentage decrease was recorded in the following areas of activity: wholesale and retail trade (by 4.1%), agriculture, forestry and fishing (by 6.3%), construction (by 6.4%), electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning supply (by 8.2%) and household activities (by 11.3%). At the same time, the number of employed persons grew in five areas of activity: real estate activities (by 17.9%), education (by 1.3%), other service activities (by 1.0%), accommodation and food service activities (by 0.9%) and human health and social work activities (by 0.5%). In terms of economic sectors (agricultural, non-agricultural and service sector), the structure of employed persons in 2013 shows that 68.5% of workers were employed in service, 27.2% in non-agricultural and 4.2% in agricultural activities. Compared to 2012, the share of service activities increased (by 0.9 percentage points), while the share of non-agricultural and agricultural activities decreased (by 0.6 and 0.3 percentage points respectively). Unemployment trends recorded in 2013 were more unfavourable compared to the year before. The average annual registered unemployment increased by 20,788 persons or 6.4%, i.e. from 324,324 persons registered in 2012 to 345,112 in 2013. Unemployment Rate Based on Administrative Sources The simultaneous increase in the number of unemployed persons and decrease in the number of employed persons recorded in the Republic of Croatia brought about an increase in the average annual rate of registered unemployment from 18.9% recorded in 2012 to 20.3% in 2013 (according to the Croatian Bureau of Statistics). Unemployment Rates by County In order to present unemployment rates by county, the data on pension insurance beneficiaries registered with the Croatian Pension Insurance Institute as employed persons and the data on unemployed persons registered with the Croatian Employment Service were used. According to the afore-mentioned data, the average unemployment rate at the state level was 19.3%. In seven counties it was lower and in fourteen higher than the national level. Unemployment Rates by County, Annual Average 2012 and 2013 9
Unemployment rates differed significantly across particular counties. The lowest unemployment rates were recorded in the City of Zagreb (9.5%) and the County of Istria (9.8%). Unemployment rates below the average state level were also recorded in the Counties of Primorje-Gorski Kotar (14.7%), Varaždin (15.5%), Dubrovnik-Neretva (16.1%), Međimurje (17.2%) and Zadar (18.7%). The highest unemployment rates were on the other hand recorded in the Counties of Vukovar- Srijem (34.7%), Virovitica-Podravina (34.3%), Sisak-Moslavina (34.0%) and Brod-Posavina (33.9%). Compared to the year before, unemployment rate increased across all counties. The greatest increase was recorded in the County of Vukovar-Srijem (by 2.7 percentage points), followed by the Counties of Koprivnica-Križevci (by 2.4 percentage points), Zagreb (by 2.2 percentage points) and Osijek-Baranja (by 2 percentage points), while the smallest increase was recorded in the Counties of Karlovac (by 0.5 percentage points), Zadar (by 0.6 percentage points) and Krapina-Zagorje and Šibenik-Knin (by 0.7 percentage points each). Employment and Unemployment Based on the Labour Force Survey The Labour Force Survey is carried out by the Croatian Bureau of Statistics in accordance with the methodological rules and principles of the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat). This source of data is therefore internationally comparable. According to the Labour Force Survey, the average economically active population recorded in Croatia in 2013 was 1,678,000 (40,000 persons or 2.3% less than in 2012), of which 1,390,000 employed and 288,000 unemployed persons. Compared to the year before, the number of employed persons decreased by 56,000 persons or 3.9%. The employment rate (15-64) decreased accordingly, from 50.7% recorded in 2012 to 49.2% in 2013. The average number of unemployed persons grew by 16,000 persons or 5.9% compared to 2012. Unemployment Rate Based on the Labour Force Survey In 2013, the LFS average unemployment rate amounted to 17.2%, which represents an increase by 1.3 percentage points compared to 2012 when the increase in unemployment rate was 2.4 percentage points. Economically Active Population Based on the Labour Force Survey, Annual Average, 2011-2013 2011 2012 2013 2012/2011 Index 2013/2012 Index Active Population 1,725,000 1,718,000 1,678,000 99.6 97.7 Employed 1,493,000 1,446,000 1,390,000 96.9 96.1 Employment Rate (15-64) 52.4 50.7 49.2 - - Unemployed 232,000 272,000 288,000 117.2 105.9 LFS Unemployment Rate 13.5 15.9 17.2 - - Source: Croatian Bureau of Statistics In conclusion, the data concerning the 2013 labour market trends based on the Labour Force Survey show more or less similar labour market developments as do the administrative data. The survey-based data show slightly more intensive changes in employment and activity of Croatian population however. 10
2013 Yearbook Schedule 1 Employed Persons by Activity According to the National Classification of Activities, 2013 Annual Average Activity (National Classification of Activities) TOTAL Number % 2013/ 2012 Index Legal Entities Number 2013/ 2012 Index Craft, Trade and Free Professions Number 2013/ 2012 Index Agriculture, forestry and fishing 32,315 2.4 93.7 23,163 91.2 9,152 100.5 Individual farming 25,394 1.9 88.3 - - - - Agricultural Activities 57,709 4.2 91.2 23,163 91.2 9,152 100.5 Mining and quarrying 5,593 0.4 96.1 5,356 96.1 237 97.7 Manufacturing 233,334 17.1 97.0 201,950 97.4 31,384 94.6 Electricity, gas, steam and airconditioning supply Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 15,174 1.1 91.8 15,174 91.8 0-21,861 1.6 96.2 21,673 96.2 188 96.2 Construction 95,655 7.0 93.6 73,832 94.0 21,823 92.3 Non-agricultural activities 371,616 27.2 95.8 317,985 96.2 53,631 93.7 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 207,153 15.2 95.9 178,084 96.1 29,069 94.3 Transportation and storage 74,055 5.4 97.5 60,581 96.8 13,474 100.8 Accommodation and food service activities 85,352 6.3 100.9 50,707 102.4 34,645 99.0 Information and communication 33,709 2.5 98.8 32,317 98.6 1,392 105.8 Financial and insurance activities 37,889 2.8 99.2 36,894 99.2 995 97.4 Real estate activities 7,676 0.6 117.9 7,129 119.5 547 100.5 Professional, scientific and technical activities Administrative and support service activities Public administration and defence; compulsory social insurance 67,880 5.0 99.3 51,772 98.9 16,108 100.3 40,053 2.9 98.7 36,057 97.9 3,996 106.9 116,090 8.5 100.0 106,582 100.2 9,508 97.1 Education 109,765 8.0 101.3 109,294 101.3 471 102.0 Human health and social work activities 97,356 7.1 100.5 85,298 100.8 12,058 98.8 Arts, entertainment and recreation 23,690 1.7 99.9 20,902 100.0 2,788 99.0 Other service activities 29,778 2.2 101.0 15,481 101.0 14,297 101.1 Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goodsand services-producing activities of 3,849 0.3 88.7 0-3,849 88.7 households for own use Service Activities 934,293 68.5 99.1 791,098 99.2 143,195 98.3 TOTAL 1,364,298 100.0 97.8 1,132,246 98.2 206,658 97.1 Source: Croatian Bureau of Statistics, First Releases No. 9.2.6, 2013 and 2014 11
Unemployment Total Unemployment Trends In December 2013, the number of unemployed persons registered with the CES amounted to 363,411, which represents an increase of 1.5% compared to the same month the year before. The total number of newly registered unemployed persons (338,278) was somewhat greater than the number of registered unemployed persons who were employed or deleted from the register for other reasons (333,081), which resulted in an increase in unemployment. The rate of increase in unemployment was slowing down throughout 2013. During the first months of 2013, the number of unemployed persons grew by as many as 30,000 persons compared to the same months of 2012. The year-over-year difference was however continuously decreasing towards the end of the year, so that the number of unemployed persons recorded in the last quarter of 2013 was only negligibly higher than in the same period of 2012. Number of Unemployed Persons in 2012 and 2013 Like every year, seasonal factors influenced the trends in the number of unemployed persons registered with the in 2013 as well. The number of unemployed persons grew in January and February. It significantly decreased during spring and summer months and then started increasing again in September, continuing so until the end of the year. The greatest number of unemployed persons was thus recorded in February (375,400) and the smallest in August (313,675). Unemployment Structure and Trends by Gender, Age and Level of Education The average number of unemployed persons grew from 324,324 recorded in 2012 to 345,112 in 2013, which is an increase of 6.4%. The average number of unemployed men and women also increased, although the increase in the number of unemployed men was somewhat greater than the increase in the number of unemployed women. Consequently, a slight increase in the share of unemployed men in the total number of unemployed persons was recorded as well. 12
2013 Yearbook Average Number of Unemployed Persons by Gender, 2012 and 2013 Gender 2012 2013 2013/2012 Number % Number % Index Men 152,079 46.9 163,070 47.3 107.2 Women 172,245 53.1 182,042 52.7 105.7 TOTAL 324,324 100.0 345,112 100.0 106.4 As far as unemployment trends by age are concerned, the average number of unemployed persons grew across all age groups. The most significant percentage increase in the average number of unemployed persons was recorded in the oldest age group. The average number of unemployed persons in the 60+ group increased by 15.5%, thus causing an increase in the share of the oldest age group in the total number of unemployed persons as well. However, a significant increase was also recorded in the youngest age groups as well. The average number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 19 grew by 5.6%, and the average number of persons aged 20 to 24 by 6.1%. The smallest increase in the average number of unemployed persons was recorded in the group of persons aged 50 to 54 (by only 3%). Average Number of Unemployed Persons by Age, 2012 and 2013 Age 2012 2013 2013/2012 Number % Number % Index From 15 to 19 17,186 5.3 18,140 5.3 105.6 From 20 to 24 44,877 13.8 47,619 13.8 106.1 From 25 to 29 45,445 14.0 47,441 13.7 104.4 From 30 to 34 37,031 11.4 39,361 11.4 106.3 From 35 to 39 32,146 9.9 35,013 10.1 108.9 From 40 to 44 31,009 9.6 32,949 9.5 106.3 From 45 to 49 33,204 10.2 35,584 10.3 107.2 From 50 to 54 36,553 11.3 37,653 10.9 103.0 From 55 to 59 35,057 10.8 37,708 10.9 107.6 60 + 11,816 3.6 13,644 4.0 115.5 TOTAL 324,324 100.0 345,112 100.0 106.4 In 2013, the average number of unemployed persons grew across all groups distinguished by the level of education. The smallest increase was however recorded in the group with the lowest level of education, while the greatest increase was recorded in the groups with secondary, post-secondary non-university and university education. The average number of unemployed persons with no schooling or uncompleted primary school thus increased by as little as 1.2%, the average number of unemployed persons with 4-year secondary education increased by 8.7%, while the average number of unemployed persons with undergraduate university or postsecondary non-university education increased by as many as 14.9%. 13
Average Number of Unemployed Persons by Level of Education, 2012 and 2013 Level of Education 2012 2013 2013/2012 Number % Number % Index No schooling and uncompleted basic school 18,136 5.6 18,357 5.3 101.2 Basic school 68,829 21.2 71,326 20.7 103.6 1 to 3-year vocational secondary school and school for skilled and highly skilled workers 110,986 34.2 117,244 34.0 105.6 4 (or more)-year vocational secondary school and grammar school 90,646 27.9 98,522 28.5 108.7 Undergraduate university and postsecondary non-university degree 15,271 4.7 17,549 5.1 114.9 University and post-graduate degree 20,456 6.3 22,114 6.4 108.1 TOTAL 324,324 100.0 345,112 100.0 106.4 Croatian War Veterans Unemployment Structure and Trends In 2013, the average number of unemployed war veterans registered with the Croatian Unemployment Service was 30,265 (up by 7.8% compared to 2012), of which 36.4% with completed or uncompleted primary school and 38.0% with completed 3-year vocational secondary school or training for skilled workers. As far as age structure is concerned, 51.7% of unemployed Croatian war veterans were aged 50 to 65. Unemployment Structure and Trends by Previous Employment Activity If we exclude from the total number of unemployed persons those who had been previously employed, their structure can be observed by the activity they had been engaged in during previous employment. The average number of such persons recorded in 2013 was 283,670, which represents an increase of 6.2% compared to the year before and is therefore in proportion with the total increase in the average number of unemployed persons. Compared to 2012, 2013 brought an increase in the number of unemployed persons in almost all groups of activities. In many of these groups, the increase was above average, particularly in the public sector. Thus, for example, the number of unemployed persons who had previously been employed in public administration, defence and compulsory social security increased by 33.1%, while the number of persons who had previously been employed in human health and social work activities increased by 16.6%. An increase was also recorded in the number of persons who had previously been employed in education (8.9%) and arts, entertainment and recreation activities (17.6%). As far as the number of unemployed persons who had previously been employed in the private sector is concerned, the number of unemployed persons who had previously been employed in transportation and storage grew significantly (17.3%). A slightly above-average increase was also recorded in information and communication (9.3%) and real estate activities (8.3%). On the other hand, there are sectors in which the increase in the number of unemployed persons was below average: the number of unemployed persons who had previously been employed in construction increased by 1.1%, in manufacturing by 2.1% and trade by 4.1%, while the number of unemployed persons who had been previously employed in service activities even decreased by 0.6%. 14
2013 Yearbook Average Number of Unemployed Persons by Previous Employment Activity in 2012 and 2013 Activity (2007 National Classification of Activities) 2012 2013 2013/2012 Number % Number % Index A Agriculture, forestry and fishing 11,940 4.5 12,511 4.4 104.8 B Mining and quarrying 895 0.3 815 0.3 91.1 C Manufacturing 56,841 21.3 58,047 20.5 102.1 D Electricity, gas, steam and airconditioning supply 235 0.1 421 0.1 179.1 E Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 4,442 1.7 4,940 1.7 111.2 F Construction 31,203 11.7 31,551 11.1 101.1 G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 49,683 18.6 51,707 18.2 104.1 H Transportation and storage 7,608 2.8 8,922 3.1 117.3 I Accommodation and food service activities 30,244 11.3 32,399 11.4 107.1 J Information and communication 3,594 1.3 3,929 1.4 109.3 K Financial and insurance activities 2,882 1.1 3,067 1.1 106.4 L Real estate activities 1,292 0.5 1,399 0.5 108.3 M Professional, scientific and technical activities 9,291 3.5 9,757 3.4 105.0 N Administrative and support service activities 11,912 4.5 13,265 4.7 111.4 O Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 10,791 4.0 14,367 5.1 133.1 P Education 6,621 2.5 7,211 2.5 108.9 Q Human health and social work activities 6,725 2.5 7,840 2.8 116.6 R Arts, entertainment and recreation 2,985 1.1 3,510 1.2 117.6 S Other service activities 12,958 4.9 12,883 4.5 99.4 T Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and servicesproducing activities of households for 4,836 1.8 5,074 1.8 104.9 own use U Activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies 70 0.0 55 0.0 78.6 TOTAL 267.048 100,0 283,670 100.0 106.2 Unemployment Structure and Trends by County, Gender, Age and Level of Education Compared to the year before, the average number of unemployed persons grew across all counties in 2013. The greatest percentage increase in the average number of unemployed persons was recorded in the Counties of Zagreb, Koprivnica-Križevci and Istria. A significant increase in unemployment was also recorded in the City of Zagreb and the County of Vukovar- Srijem. In 2013, the average number of unemployed persons in the City of Zagreb was greater than the average number of unemployed persons recorded in the County of Split-Dalmatia. The smallest increase in unemployment was recorded in the Counties of Karlovac and Virovitica- Posavina. 15
Average Number of Unemployed Persons by County in 2012 and 2013 County 2012 2013 2013/2012 Number % Number % Index Zagreb 17,403 5.4 19,583 5.7 112.5 Krapina-Zagorje 8,214 2.5 8,548 2.5 104.1 Sisak-Moslavina 19,739 6.1 20,444 5.9 103.6 Karlovac 11,331 3.5 11,478 3.3 101.3 Varaždin 10,447 3.2 11,035 3.2 105.6 Koprivnica-Križevci 8,156 2.5 9,083 2.6 111.4 Bjelovar-Bilogora 12,027 3.7 12,698 3.7 105.6 Primorje-Gorski Kotar 18,453 5.7 19,321 5.6 104.7 Lika-Senj 3,200 1.0 3,439 1.0 107.5 Virovitica-Podravina 10,180 3.1 10,470 3.0 102.8 Požega-Slavonia 6,435 2.0 6,953 2.0 108.0 Brod-Posavina 17,197 5.3 17,912 5.2 104.2 Zadar 10,700 3.3 11,160 3.2 104.3 Osijek-Baranja 34,438 10.6 36,627 10.6 106.4 Šibenik-Knin 7,827 2.4 8,129 2.4 103.9 Vukovar-Srijem 19,768 6.1 21,404 6.2 108.3 Split-Dalmatia 43,523 13.4 45,893 13.3 105.4 Istria 8,185 2.5 9,071 2.6 110.8 Dubrovnik-Neretva 7,579 2.3 8,025 2.3 105.9 Međimurje 7,528 2.3 7,923 2.3 105.2 City of Zagreb 41,994 12.9 45,916 13.3 109.3 TOTAL 324,324 100.0 345,112 100.0 106.4 As far as the structure of unemployed persons by gender is concerned, the greatest share of women in the total number of unemployed persons at the end of 2013 was recorded in the Counties of Karlovac and Brod-Posavina, followed by the Counties of Zadar, Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Split-Dalmatia and Osijek-Baranja (54.4% - 56.5%). The number of unemployed men was greater than the number of unemployed women in four counties: Varaždin, Krapina-Zagorje, Bjelovar-Bilogora and Koprivnica-Križevci. In terms of age, the greatest number of young persons aged up to 24 in the total number of unemployed persons was recorded in the Counties of Požega-Slavonia (24.8%) and Krapina-Zagorje (23.5%), and the smallest in the Counties of Karlovac (15.8%) and Primorje-Gorski Kotar (16.1%). Finally, if we look at the level of education, the greatest share of qualified persons, i.e. persons with completed secondary, post-secondary non-university or university education, was recorded in the Counties of Split-Dalmatia (84.2%) and Dubrovnik-Neretva (83.8%), and the smallest in the Counties of Sisak-Moslavina (64.2%) and Međimurje (64.9%). 16
2013 Yearbook County Structure of Unemployed Persons by County (31 December 2013) TOTAL Women Persons up to 24 years of age Qualified Persons Number Share Number Share Number Share Zagreb 19,703 10,113 51.3 4,343 22.0 14,814 75.2 Krapina-Zagorje 8,615 4,060 47.1 2,022 23.5 6,188 71.8 Sisak-Moslavina 21,010 11,278 53.7 4,031 19.2 13,497 64.2 Karlovac 11,629 6,575 56.5 1,837 15.8 7,870 67.7 Varaždin 11,002 5,109 46.4 2,175 19.8 7,932 72.1 Koprivnica-Križevci 9,428 4,646 49.3 2,106 22.3 6,187 65.6 Bjelovar-Bilogora 13,466 6,431 47.8 3,053 22.7 8,857 65.8 Primorje-Gorski Kotar 20,966 11,574 55.2 3,372 16.1 16,511 78.8 Lika-Senj 3,846 1,942 50.5 865 22.5 2,700 70.2 Virovitica-Podravina 10,937 5,691 52.0 2,438 22.3 7,215 66.0 Požega-Slavonia 7,282 3,757 51.6 1,807 24.8 5,344 73.4 Brod-Posavina 18,619 10,353 55.6 4,226 22.7 13,085 70.3 Zadar 12,424 6,871 55.3 2,277 18.3 9,478 76.3 Osijek-Baranja 38,309 20,847 54.4 7,825 20.4 26,979 70.4 Šibenik-Knin 8,974 4,723 52.6 1,770 19.7 6,908 77.0 Vukovar-Srijem 22,629 11,957 52.8 5,055 22.3 16,327 72.2 Split-Dalmatia 49,821 27,385 55.0 8,965 18.0 41,965 84.2 Istria 10,826 5,826 53.8 1,766 16.3 8,086 74.7 Dubrovnik-Neretva 9,504 5,108 53.7 1,810 19.0 7,969 83.8 Međimurje 7,833 4,003 51.1 1,772 22.6 5,083 64.9 City of Zagreb 46,588 23,857 51.2 7,560 16.2 37,867 81.3 Total 363,411 192,106 52.9 71,075 19.6 270,862 74.5 Unemployment Structure and Trends by Duration, Gender and Level of Education Registered unemployed persons can also be classified according to the duration of unemployment. At the end of 2013, 41.3% of the total number of unemployed persons had been unemployed for up to 6 months and 45.5% for more than one year. Compared to the end of 2012, the number of unemployed persons who had been unemployed for a period of 3-12 months decreased, while the number of those who had been unemployed for a period of more than one year increased. Consequently, both the number and share of long-term unemployed persons grew significantly in 2013. 17
Duration of Unemployment Unemployed Persons by Duration of Unemployment (31 December 2012 and 2013) 2012 2013 2013/2012 Number % Number % Index Up to 3 months 93,606 26.1 94,379 26.0 100.8 From 3 to 6 months 60,250 16.8 55,538 15.3 92.2 From 6 to 9 months 26,733 7.5 25,064 6.9 93.8 From 9 to 12 months 26,645 7.4 22,952 6.3 86.1 From 1 to 2 years 61,009 17.0 66,272 18.2 108.6 From 2 to 3 years 29,483 8.2 33,500 9.2 113.6 More than 3 years 60,488 16.9 65,706 18.1 108.6 TOTAL 358,214 100.0 363,411 100.0 101.5 As far as duration of unemployment by gender is concerned, the share of long-term unemployed persons (more than one year) in the total number of unemployed men was 44.2% and in the total number of unemployed women 46.7%. It is evident that long-term unemployment is more frequent in the case of women than in the case of men. This difference in the share of men and women in long-term unemployment is particularly evident in the segment of long-term unemployed persons who had been unemployed for up to three months (more men) and more than three years (more women). Unemployed Persons by Duration of Unemployment and Gender (31 December 2013) Duration of Unemployment Total Men % Women % Up to 3 months 94,379 46,008 26.9 48,371 25.2 From 3 to 6 months 55,538 26,321 15.4 29,217 15.2 From 6 to 9 months 25,064 11,841 6.9 13,223 6.9 From 9 to 12 months 22,952 11,352 6.6 11,600 6.0 From 1 to 2 years 66,272 31,586 18.4 34,686 18.1 From 2 to 3 years 33,500 15,433 9.0 18,067 9.4 More than 3 years 65,706 28,764 16.8 36,942 19.2 TOTAL 363,411 171,305 100.0 192,106 100.0 Finally, if we consider duration of unemployment in terms of the level of education, it is evident that persons with lower levels of education account for by far the greater share of long-term unemployed persons. The share of long-term unemployed persons (1 year or more) in the total number of unemployed persons with no schooling or uncompleted primary school was 66.8%, while those with primary education accounted for 55.5%. The share of long-term unemployed persons was significantly smaller in the groups of persons with three- or four-year secondary education (45.1% and 40.8%). The smallest share of long-term unemployed persons was recorded in the groups of unemployed persons with undergraduate university and post-secondary non-university education (34.6%) and graduate and post-graduate education (29.3%). It can be concluded that even though the number of unemployed persons with post-secondary nonuniversity and university education increased considerably, the level of education still significantly influences the duration of unemployment. 18
2013 Yearbook Structure of Unemployed Persons by Duration of Unemployment and Level of Education (31 December 2013) Duration of Unemployment Total No schooling and uncompleted basic school Basic school 1 to 3-year vocational secondary school and school for skilled and highly skilled workers 4 (or more)-year vocational secondary school and grammar school Undergraduate university and post-secondary non-university degree University and postgraduate degree Up to 3 months 26.0 12.9 20.9 26.2 27.6 33.8 37.2 From 3 to 6 months 15.3 8.3 11.0 15.5 18.1 17.3 19.2 From 6 to 9 months 6.9 5.9 6.2 6.9 7.1 7.6 8.1 From 9 to 12 months 6.3 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.1 From 1 to 2 years 18.2 18.8 19.0 18.7 18.1 17.1 14.4 From 2 to 3 years 9.2 10.7 10.3 9.1 9.2 8.0 6.3 More than 3 years 18.1 37.2 26.2 17.4 13.5 9.5 8.5 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Short-term Unemployment 54.5 33.2 44.5 54.9 59.2 65.4 70.7 Long-term Unemployment 45.5 66.8 55.5 45.1 40.8 34.6 29.3 19
Labour Force Demand and Employment Registered Job Vacancies In 2013, employers reported a total of 143,340 job vacancies to the CES. Compared to 2012, the number of reported job vacancies increased by 11,413 or 8.7%. The number of reported job vacancies has therefore continued to increase for the fourth year in a row (2010 by 2.3%, 2011 by 19.9%, 2012 by 5.1% and 2013 by 8.7%). According to the National Classification of Activities, an increase in the number of reported job vacancies (Schedule 2, page 28) was recorded in fifteen areas of activity, while a decrease was recorded in only six. The greatest relative increase in workforce demand was recorded in: human health and social work activities (52.8%; 5,027 persons), information and communication (49.9%; 645 persons), other service activities (28.5%; 1,163 persons), professional, scientific and technical activities (24.5%; 1,512 persons), public administration and defence (23%; 3,313 persons) and education (16%; 2,960 persons). At the same time, workforce demand declined in the following areas of activity: water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities (63.2%; 2,245 persons), agriculture, forestry and fishing (23.2%; 783 persons), financial and insurance activities (11.6%; 280 persons), manufacturing (3.7%; 585 persons) and accommodation and food service activities (2.9%; 499 persons). As far as regional organisation is concerned, an increase in the number of reported job vacancies (Schedule 3, page 29) was recorded in twelve counties, and particularly in the following: Osijek- Baranja (31.8%; 3,282 persons), City of Zagreb (24.6%; 5,532 persons), Istria (23.3%; 1,958 persons), Krapina-Zagorje (22.4%; 687 persons), Zadar (22.3%; 1,110 persons) and Lika-Senj (21.8%; 407 persons). A decline in the number of reported job vacancies was recorded in six counties. The greatest decline in workforce demand was recorded in the Counties of Virovitica- Podravina (22.1%; 833 persons), Dubrovnik-Neretva (13.6%; 692 persons) and Šibenik-Knin (13.4%; 786 persons). In 2013, employers largely looked for professionals (29,314 or 20.5%) and technicians and associated professionals (25,237 or 17.6%). The demand for the mentioned workers significantly increased compared to 2012 (demand for professionals by 24.5%; demand for technicians and associated professionals by 37.6%). Service and sales workers accounted for a significant share in the total workforce demand (28,896 or 20.2%), recording an increase of 2.5%, followed by workers engaged in elementary occupations such as cleaners, deliverers, workers without occupation and similar (27,635 or 19.3%) in the case of which the demand in fact decreased compared to 2012 by 11.2%. An increase in workforce demand was also recorded in the group of clerical support workers (by 12.5%) and craft and related trade workers (by 8.4%). Reported Job Vacancies by Group of Occupations in 2012 and 2013 Group of Occupations 2012 2013 2013/2012 Number % Number % Index 20 Managers (chief executives, senior officials and legislators) 255 0.2 173 0.1 67.8 Professionals 23,537 17.8 29,314 20.5 124.5 Technicians and associated professionals 18,345 13.9 25,237 17.6 137.6 Clerical support workers 9,499 7.2 10,690 7.5 112.5 Service and sales workers 28,197 21.4 28,896 20.2 102.5 Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers 746 0.6 702 0.5 94.1 Craft and related trades workers 14,662 11.1 15,888 11.1 108.4 Plant and machine operators and assemblers 5,558 4.2 4,805 3.4 86.5 Elementary occupations 31,128 23.6 27,635 19.3 88.8 TOTAL 131,927 100.0 143,340 100.0 108.7
2013 Yearbook Employment of Persons from the CES Register The total number of employed persons from the CES register has been continuously increasing for the past four years. After high rates of increase recorded in 2010 and 2011 (19.4% and 26.4%) and a low increase recorded in 2012 (0.5%), 2013 once again brought a relatively high rate of increase in employment of persons from the CES register of unemployed persons (16.7%). In 2013, a total of 217,179 persons registered with the CES as unemployed found employment (31,023 more than in 2012), of which 193,520 persons (89.1%) were employed on the basis of a work contract and 23,659 persons (10.9%) on the basis of other business activities (workplace training without a work contract, registering a company or trade, temporary service contract, etc.). From the total number of employed persons, 114,507 were women (accounting for a share of 52.7% in the total number) and 102,672 were men (accounting for 47.3%). Compared to 2012, the dynamics of increase in the number of employed men and women was almost identical (men - 17.0%, women 16.3%). As we have already mentioned, most of registered employment included signing a work contract 193,520 persons, which is 17,985 persons or 10.2% more than in 2012. The structure of employment according to particular features was as follows: Employment Activity The persons from the CES register of unemployed persons employed on the basis of a work contract (Schedule 2, page 28) found employment in the four main areas of activity in which the greatest fluctuation of workers is recorded during a year (entering a work relationship and terminating a work relationship): accommodation and food service activities, manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade, and construction. In total, 113,718 persons or 58.8% from the total number of persons from the CES register who were employed in 2013 found employment in the mentioned areas of activity. Compared to 2012, an increase was recorded in most of areas of activity (in seventeen of them, to be exact), while a decrease in the number of persons from the CES register of unemployed persons who were employed in 2013 was recorded in only four. A significant decrease was recorded only in the area of water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities (56.5%; 2,144 persons). Compared to 2012, the greatest percentage increase in registered employment was recorded in the following areas of activity: information and communication (34.1%), real estate activities (27.4%), accommodation and food service activities (19.6%), other service activities (18.0%), and human health and social work activities (17.3%). Regional Employment Structure The structure of registered employment by county (Schedule 3, page 29) shows that most persons who were employed on the basis of a work contract were recorded in the County of Split-Dalmatia (24,691 persons or 12.8%), the City of Zagreb (21,781 persons or 11.3%) and the County of Osijek-Baranja (18,546 persons or 9.6%). Compared to 2012, employment of persons from the CES register of unemployed persons grew across all counties. The greatest percentage increase in employment was recorded in the Counties of Krapina-Zagorje (20.2%), Istria (17.4%) and Zagreb (17.3%). Significant rates of increase were recorded also in the City of Zagreb (15.9%) and the following counties: Zadar (14.3%), Lika-Senj (14.0%), Varaždin (13.7%), Koprivnica-Križevci (12.1%) and Split-Dalmatia (11.9%). The lowest rate of increase in registered employment was recorded in the Counties of Sisak-Moslavina (1.8%), Karlovac (3.0%) and Vukovar-Srijem (3.9%). Work Experience From the total number of persons from the CES register employed on a work contract basis, 170,176 persons (87.9%) had prior work experience and 23,344 persons (12.1%) were employed for the first time. Compared to 2012, employment of persons with work experience increased by 9.8% and of those with no work experience by 13.3%. Duration of Employment 12,348 persons (6.4%) were employed on a permanent basis and 181,172 (93.6%) were employed on a temporary basis. Compared to 2012, permanent employment declined and temporary employment increased by 1 percentage point. Level of Education and Group of Occupations Persons with secondary education accounted for the greatest share of the total number of persons from the CES register employed on a work contract basis, including both the persons who completed a 3-year vocational school or school 21
for skilled and highly skilled workers (37.5%) and persons who completed a four-year vocational school or grammar school (30.7%). The mentioned groups are followed by persons with lower levels of education, i.e. persons who completed basic school (14.2%) and persons with no schooling (1.8%), and persons with a high level of education: persons with graduate and post-graduate education (9.5%) and undergraduate university or post-secondary non-university education (6.4%). Compared to 2012, registered employment increased across all groups distinguished by the level of education, except in the group of persons with no schooling and uncompleted primary school in which the number of persons employed declined by 6.6%. The greatest increase in employment was recorded in the group of persons with undergraduate university education (17.7%) and fouryear vocational secondary school or grammar school (14.7%). Persons from the CES Register Employed on a Work Contract Basis in 2012 and 2013 by Level of Education Level of Education 2012 2013 2013/2012 Number % Number % Index No schooling and uncompleted basic school 3,677 2.1 3,434 1.8 93.4 Basic school 27,167 15.5 27,488 14.2 101.2 1 to 3-year vocational secondary school and school for skilled and highly skilled workers 65,821 37.5 72,541 37.5 110.2 4 (or more)-year vocational secondary school and grammar school 51,772 29.5 59,394 30.7 114.7 Undergraduate university and post-secondary non-university degree 10,516 6.0 12,375 6.4 117.7 University and post-graduate degree 16,582 9.4 18,288 9.5 110.3 TOTAL 175,535 100.0 193,520 100.0 110.2 Different groups of occupations (defined in accordance with the National Classification of Occupations) accounted for the following shares in the total registered employment recorded in 2013: Persons from the CES Register Employed on a Work Contract Basis in 2012 and 2013 by Group of Occupations Group of Occupations 2012 2013 2013/2012 Number % Number % Index Professionals 16,100 9.2 17,627 9.1 109.5 Technicians and associated professionals 27,546 15.7 32,324 16.7 117.3 Clerical support workers 19,411 11.1 22,306 11.5 114.9 Service and sales workers 40,503 23.1 45,960 23.7 113.5 Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers 1,374 0.8 1,421 0.7 103.4 Craft and related trades workers 30,194 17.2 32,951 17.0 109.1 Plant and machine operators and assemblers 11,455 6.5 12,151 6.3 106.1 Elementary occupations 28,914 16.5 28,703 14.8 99.3 TOTAL 175,535 100.0 193,520 100.0 110.2 22 Compared to 2012, the greatest increase in employment was recorded in the group of technicians and other associated professionals (17.3%), clerical support workers (14.9%) and service and sales workers (13.5%), whereas employment declined only in the group of elementary occupations (0.7%).
2013 Yearbook Employment Rates by Level of Education and Occupation The annual employment rate shows how many persons from the total number of unemployed persons who looked for employment during the year were employed on a work contract basis. The total number of persons looking for employment includes persons registered as unemployed at the beginning of the year and the persons registered as unemployed in the course of the year. In 2013, the employment rate was 27.8%, which means that more than one fourth of unemployed persons who looked for employment during the year were employed. Significant differences were recorded in the employment rate among the groups of unemployed persons distinguished by the level of education. In the case of persons with no schooling or uncompleted basic school, the employment rate was 12.4%. It was 21.7% in the case of those who completed basic school, 30.4% in the case of those who completed vocational secondary school in the duration of up to three years or school for skilled workers, 28.8% in the case of those who completed a four-year vocational secondary school or grammar school, 30.8% in the case of those with undergraduate university and post-secondary non-university degree and 32.3% in the case of those with university and post-graduate degree. Persons with secondary education recorded a significantly lower employment rate, while the differences among other groups were relatively small. This pattern differs from the pattern recorded during the previous years when the rate of employment typically increased with the level of education. Employment Rate by Level of Education in 2013 (%) Levels of Education: A no schooling and uncompleted basic school, B basic school, C 1- to 3-year vocational secondary school and school for skilled and highly skilled workers, D 4(or more)-year vocational secondary school and grammar school, E undergraduate university and post-secondary non-university degree, F university and post-graduate degree. Within the same groups distinguished by the level of education, there are considerably large differences in employment rate between persons engaged in different occupations. The following table shows twenty occupations with the highest and twenty with the lowest rate of employment within the most frequent groups at secondary school level. 23
Employment Rate by Occupation at Secondary School Level Occupation % Occupation % Fire-fighter Technician 43.4 Educational Process Associate 22.8 Cook 41.5 Spinner 22.6 Water 40.1 Radio and TV Electronic Mechanic 22.5 Confectioner/Pastry Maker 39.7 Chemical Technology Professional 21.9 Clothing Professional 39.1 Storage Keeper 21.8 Forest Technician 38.3 Chemical Worker 21.6 Plumber and Gas Fitter 37.2 Technical Drawer 21.2 Multimedia Graphic Designer 37.1 Fine Arts and Design 20.4 Automatic Construction Machinery Operator 37.1 Shoemaker 20.1 Railway Traffic Technician 36.8 Plant Electrician 19.4 Gas Fitter 36.4 Administrative/Personnel Clerk 17.7 Hotel Owner 36.3 Typist 16.9 Carpenter 36.2 Assistant Tailor 16.7 Assistant Cook and Confectioner/ Pastry Maker 35.9 Assistant Car Painter 15.4 Freight Vehicle Driver 35.9 Car Painter 14.3 Room Painter 35.8 Assistant Bookbinder 13.9 Electrical Engineering Technician 35.3 Assistant Florist 13.6 Tourism/Hotel Commercialist 35.2 Commercialist 13.4 Joiner 34.7 Assistant Gardener 13.3 Electronic Mechanic 34.3 Salesperson 7.5 Note: the selection includes the groups in which the number of unemployed persons at the beginning of the year and the number of newly registered unemployed persons throughout the year was 200 or more. The following table shows ten occupations with the highest and ten with the lowest rate of employment at post-secondary non-university and university levels. Employment Rate by Occupation/Major at Post-secondary Non-university and University Level Occupation/Major % Occupation/Major % Biology and Chemistry 67.6 Journalism 21.2 Teaching Academy 62.0 Cattle Breeding 21.2 Croatian and English Language 57.7 Graphic Design 19.7 Croatian and Italian Language 56.4 Geology 19.1 History and Croatian Language 51.7 Political Sciences 19.0 Geography 51.5 Business Economy 18.9 Preschool Education 49.3 Transport and Traffic Engineer Postal 18.2 Dental Medicine 46.8 Textile and Clothing Engineer 17.5 General Medicine 46.6 Arts 12.6 Nursing 46.1 Administrative Studies 12.5 24 Note: the selection includes the groups in which the number of unemployed persons at the beginning of the year and the number of newly registered unemployed persons throughout the year was 100 or more.
2013 Yearbook Seasonal Employment Seasonal employment accounts for a significant share of the total number of persons employed from the CES register of unemployed persons. Seasonal employment mainly refers to tourism-related activities which, in addition to accommodation and food service activities, also include other associated activities (trade, transportation, administrative and support service activities). Furthermore, seasonal employment is also typical in agriculture, forestry and fishing, as well as some of the manufacturing activities. Provision of job matching and placement services with regards to seasonal employment in tourism is one of the more important business activities of the. At the beginning of each year, the CES regularly organises regional meetings with the representatives of large hotel and tourism companies for the purpose of reaching concrete agreements concerning the planning (forecasting) and meeting the demand for seasonal workers. The meetings are held in coastal counties of Croatia (Istria, Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Zadar, Šibenik-Knin, Split-Dalmatia and Dubrovnik-Neretva) which are getting ready for the upcoming tourist season. After preparing the demand forecasts and selecting seasonal workers from unemployed domicile population, the representatives of the aforementioned companies conduct, in cooperation with regional offices of the based in continental counties (Osijek, Vinkovci, Bjelovar, Sisak, etc.), informative interviews with the interested candidates from those counties and then select the most appropriate ones and refer them to the agreed job positions. In 2013, a total of 40,767 workers were seasonally employed, accounting for 21.1% of the total number of persons from the CES register of unemployed persons employed on a work contract basis. Compared to the year before, the number of seasonally employed workers increased by 1,329 persons or 3.4%. Seasonal employment was most significant in accommodation and food service activities (20,444 workers accounting for a share of 50.1%), wholesale and retail trade (5,018 workers or 12.3%), administrative and support service activities (3,501 workers or 8.6%), agriculture, forestry and fishing (2,462 workers or 6.2%) and manufacturing (1,949 workers or 4.8%). In 2013, most seasonal workers were employed from the coastal (a total of 56.4%) and Slavonian (30.6%) counties (Schedule 4, page 30). We are referring to coastal areas in which tourism represents the most significant activity and continental areas which typically provide a significant number of workers for employment in coastal areas as well as seasonal agricultural and manufacturing activities. Northwestern Croatia and the greater Zagreb area record relatively low seasonal employment rates (13.0%). As far as occupation is concerned, most seasonal workers were: salespersons (4,200 persons or 10.3%), waiters (3,444 or 8.4%), cooks (3,331 persons 8.2%), chambermaids (1,916 persons or 4.7%), cleaning ladies (1,652 or 4.1%), and kitchen help and assistant cooks (1,362 or 3.3%). Interregional Employment Interregional job placement services are provided with the aim of meeting the employers demand for workers, especially in areas where there is an insufficient number of workers engaged in particular occupations, as well as encourage migration of workers and ensure their employment, particularly in areas recording high unemployment rates. Therefore, if a certain regional office is not in the position to fill a job vacancy by referring to it a registered worker from its own county, the relevant request is then forwarded to other regional offices with registered workforce meeting the job-specific requirements. Interregional job placement services are especially important in the process of meeting the demand for seasonal workers during the tourist season and meeting the demand for workers in occupations in demand. Through interregional job placement services, a total of 35,803 workers registered with the CES as unemployed were employed in 2013 in the place outside of the territorial scope of the regional or local office to which the request had originally been submitted. In terms of counties (Schedule 4, page 28), most workers who were employed in the place outside the territorial scope of the regional or local office to which the request had originally been submitted came from the following counties: Osijek- Baranja (4,080 persons or 11.4%), Vukovar-Srijem (3,847 persons or 10.7%), Sisak-Moslavina (3,134 or 8.8%) and Brod-Posavina (2,848 or 8.0%). In terms of the employment activity, most such 25