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1 Statisti ni letopis Republike Slovenije 2011 Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Slovenia POSLOVNI SUBJEKTI BUSINESS ENTITIES Poslovni subjekti Business subjects METODOLOŠKA POJASNILA PODJETJA Viri in metode zbiranja podatkov Vir podatkov o podjetjih na obmo ju Republike Slovenije je Statisti ni poslovni register (SPR), ki ga vodi in vzdržuje Statisti ni urad RS, in sicer na podlagi. lena Zakona o državni statistiki in Uredbe (ES), št. 177/2008 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o vzpostavitvi skupnega okvira za poslovne registre v statisti ne namene. Osnovni vir podatkov za SPR je Poslovni register Slovenije (PRS); ta register vodi Agencija Republike Slovenije za javnopravne evidence in storitve (AJPES), in sicer od na podlagi 71. lena Zakona o pla ilnem prometu (Uradni list RS, št. 0/02). Poleg podatkov iz PRS so vir podatkov za SPR tudi podatki iz drugih administrativnih zbirk ter podatki, zbrani na podlagi programa statisti nih raziskovanj. Podatki za posamezne spremenljivke, ki v SPR morda manjkajo, se pripišejo v skladu z ustrezno statisti no metodologijo. Vir zajetja enot za referen no leto je PRS, in sicer stanje , vklju no z enotami, ki so bile med letom ukinjene in o katerih je to v PRS zabeleženo. Glavni vir podatkov o osebah, ki delajo, je Statisti ni register delovno aktivnega prebivalstva (SRDAP), ki ga vodi SURS. Podatki v SRDAP-u se osvežujejo na podlagi obrazcev M, to je prijava podatkov za uvedbo in vodenje mati ne evidence pokojninskega in invalidskega zavarovanja, zdravstvenega zavarovanja ter evidence o sklenitvi delovnega razmerja (M-1, M-2, M-1A, M-, M-a, M-D ). V SRDAP-u so upoštevane vse osebe, ki delajo, ne glede na to, ali delajo za dolo en ali nedolo en as, s polnim ali s skrajšanim delovnim asom. e podjetje izkazuje prihodek, nima pa podatka o osebah, ki delajo, se mu ta podatek pripiše v skladu z ustrezno statisti no metodologijo. Vir podatkov o prihodku podjetij so zaklju ni ra uni, dav ni obra un akontacije dohodnine od dohodka iz dejavnosti, podatki o davku na dodano vrednost ter poro ila zavarovalnih organizacij. Podjetjem, ki imajo osebe, ki delajo, ne izkazujejo pa prihodkov, se podatki o prihodku pripišejo v skladu z ustrezno statisti no metodologijo. Zajetje in uporabljene klasifikacije V tabelah so zajeta podjetja, ki kot svojo glavno dejavnost opravljajo eno izmed dejavnosti Standardne klasifikacije dejavnosti (SKD 2008). Definicije in pojasnila Obdobje opazovanja Obdobje opazovanja je referen no leto. Referen no leto zajema enote, ki so bile v letu opazovanja do vpisane v PRS, vklju no z enotami, ki so bile med letom opazovanja ukinjene in o katerih je to v PRS zabeleženo. Enota opazovanja Enota opazovanja je podjetje, registrirano kot pravna ali fizi na oseba, ki je med letom opazovanja izkazala prihodek ali zaposlene osebe oziroma osebe, ki delajo. Za enote po Standardni klasifikaciji institucionalnih sektorjev države in neprofitnih institucij, ki opravljajo storitve za gospodinjstva, se pri opredelitvi podjetja upoštevajo tudi izkazani prihodki iz lanarin, subvencij in drugih poslovnih prihodkov. Ti pa niso zajeti v prihodek. Podjetje je najmanjša kombinacija pravnih enot, ki ima kot organizacijska enota za izdelavo proizvodov ali ponudbo storitev pri sprejemanju odlo itev dolo eno stopnjo samostojnosti, predvsem za razporejanje svojih teko ih poslovnih sredstev. Podjetje opravlja eno ali ve dejavnosti na eni ali ve lokacijah. Pravne enote so poslovni subjekti vpisani v PRS. Pravne osebe so gospodarske družbe, zavodi, društva, državni organi in lokalne skupnosti, zadruge ter druge oblike poslovnih subjektov, ki z vpisom v ustrezni register oziroma evidenco ali z zakonom pridobijo lastnost pravne osebe. METHODOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS ENTERPRISES Sources and methods of data collections The source of data on enterprises in Slovenia is the Statistical Business Register (SPR), which is kept and maintained by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (SORS) on the basis of Article of the National Statistics Act and Regulation (EC) No 177/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a common framework for business registers for statistical purposes. The basic source for the SPR is the administrative Business Register of Slovenia (PRS), which has been kept on the basis of Article 71 of the Payment Transactions Act (OJ RS No. 0/02) since 15 July 2002 by the Agency for Public Legal Records and Related Services. In addition to data in the PRS, the sources for the SPR are also data from other administrative records and data collected in accordance with the national program of statistical surveys. In the SPR some missing data are imputed according to the appropriate statistical methodology. The main source for units of the reference year is the PRS as of 1 December with the inclusion of units that died during the reference year. The main source for data on employment is the Statistical Register of Employment (SRDAP) kept by SORS. SRDAP is updated with data from M forms, i.e. Registration of Data for the Introduction and Keeping of the Central Record of Pension and Disability Insurance, Health Care and Employment (M-1, M-2, M-1A, M-, M-a, M-D ). In SRDAP, all persons in paid employment are taken into consideration, irrespective of whether they are employed for fixed or unspecified period of time and whether they work full time or part time. In cases where the enterprise had some turnover without persons employed, the data on persons employed are imputed according to the appropriate statistical methodology. Main sources for data on turnover for enterprises are annual accounts, prepayment of income taxes for the income realised upon the pursuit of, VAT data and statistical inquiries for insurance companies. For enterprises that had no turnover but had some persons employed, turnover is imputed according to the appropriate statistical methodology. Coverage and classifications used In tables enterprises that perform one of the of the Slovene Standard Classification of Activities (SKD 2008) as their main activity are covered. Definitions and explanations Observation period The period of observation is the reference year. The reference year includes units that were registered in the PRS until 1 December of the reference year, including units that died during the reference year. Observation unit The observation unit is an enterprise registered as a legal or natural person that had either turnover or employment during the reference year. For units according to the Standard Classification of Institutional Sectors and Non-profit Institutions Serving Households, in determining enterprises membership fees, subsidies and other operating income are also taken into account. However, they are not included in turnover. An enterprise is an organizational unit producing goods or services which benefits from a certain degree of autonomy in decision making, especially in the allocation of its current resources. An enterprise carries out one or more at one or more locations. Legal units are legal entities registered in the PRS. Legal persons are companies, institutions, associations, state bodies and local communities, co-operative societes and other forms of legal entities that obtain the status of legal person by registration in an adequate register or by law. 51

2 Poslovni subjekti Statisti ni letopis Republike Slovenije 2011 Business subjects Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Slovenia 2011 Gospodarske družbe so pravne osebe, ki so v skladu z Zakonom o gospodarskih družbah (ZGD) organizirane v eno izmed naslednjih oblik družbe: družba z omejeno odgovornostjo (d. o. o.), družba z neomejeno odgovornostjo (d. n. o.), delniška družba (d. d.), komanditna delniška družba (k. d. d.) in komanditna družba (k. d.). Druge pravne osebe so vse preostale pravne osebe, ki niso družbe. Fizi ne osebe so samostojni podjetniki in druge registrirane fizi ne osebe. Zaposlene osebe so osebe, ki delajo pri delodajalcu (pri pravnih osebah, samostojnih podjetnikih ali drugih registriranih fizi nih osebah) in prejemajo pla o ter so na podlagi pogodbe o zaposlitvi obvezno socialno zavarovane. Pogodba o zaposlitvi je lahko sklenjena za nedolo en ali dolo en as, ne glede na to, ali gre za zaposlitev s polnim delovnim asom ali z delovnim asom, krajšim od polnega. Med zaposlene osebe se štejejo tudi pripravniki in osebe, udeležene pri javnih delih, ter družbeniki zasebnih družb in zavodov v RS, ki so poslovodne osebe ( e niso obvezno zavarovani na drugi podlagi). V število zaposlenih oseb niso zajeti študenti in dijaki, ki ob asno delajo za delodajalca in prejemajo pla ilo. Samozaposlene osebe so samostojni podjetniki in druge registrirane fizi ne osebe (npr. samostojni raziskovalci, zdravniki, odvetniki, veterinarji, kulturni ustvarjalci, vrhunski športniki ipd.). Osebe, ki delajo, so vse zaposlene in samozaposlene osebe skupaj. Med osebe, ki delajo, niso zajeti pomagajo i družinski lani in osebe, ki delajo na podlagi podjemnih pogodb (pogodb o delu) ali avtorskih pogodb (delovršnih pogodb), in kmetje. Prihodek so prodajne vrednosti kupcem zara unanih prodanih proizvodov oziroma trgovskega blaga in materiala ter opravljenih storitev. Meri se na podlagi prodajnih cen, navedenih v ra unih in drugih listinah, zmanjšanih za vse popuste, ki so bili dani ob prodaji ali pozneje, pa tudi za vrednosti vrnjenih koli in blaga. Zajema tudi vse stroške in obremenitve, vezane na kupca, ne zajema pa davka na dodano vrednost (DDV), morebitnih prodaj osnovnih sredstev, prihodkov od financiranja, subvencij in drugih izrednih prihodkov. V podatku o prihodku podjetij ni zajet prihodek bank in hranilnic. Objavljanje Companies are legal persons that are according to the Companies Act organised as one of the following forms of companies: limited liability company, general partnership, joint stock company, limited partnership with share capital or limited partnership. Other legal persons are all other legal units that are not companies. Natural persons are individual private entrepreneurs and other registered natural persons. Employees are persons who work for an employer (for legal persons or for individual private entrepreneurs and other registered natural persons), receive payment in the form of salaries and are socially insured on the basis of the employment contract. The employment contract can be made for fixed or unspecified period of time, for fulltime or part-time work. The number of employees includes also trainees, persons performing public works and partners in private companies and institutions in the Republic of Slovenia who are managers (if they do not have compulsory insurance on some other basis). The number of employees excludes students and pupils who work for an employer occasionally and receive payment. Self-employed persons are individual private entrepreneurs and other registered natural persons (e.g. independent researchers, doctors, lawyers, veterinaries, cultural workers, top athletes, etc.) Persons employed are employees and self-employed persons. The number of persons employed excludes unpaid family workers, persons working on the basis of contracts for work/service or copyright agreement and farmers. Turnover is the total amount that the enterprise settled with sale of goods, material and performed services in the reference year. It is measured on the basis of selling prices stated on invoices and other documents less discounts at sale or later on and the value of returned quantities. It includes all costs and charges linked to the buyer and excludes value added tax, possible sale of fixed assets, financial income, subsidies and other extra income. Data on turnover do not comprise banks and savings banks. Publishing Letno: Prva statisti na objava. Podjetja Annually: First Release. Enterprises Slovenske regije v številkah Slovene Regions in Figures Statisti ni letopis Republike Slovenije Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Slovenia Podatkovna baza SI-STAT SI-STAT Database Petletno: Statisti ne informacije. Podjetja Every five years: Rapid Reports. Enterprises DEMOGRAFIJA PODJETIJ Namen statisti nega raziskovanja S statisti nim raziskovanjem Demografija podjetij zbiramo podatke (kazalnike) za podrobno analizo populacije novonastalih podjetjih brez predhodnika, podjetij, ki so prenehala poslovati in so brez naslednika, in preživelih novonastalih podjetij. Viri in metode zbiranja podatkov Glavni vir podatkov za izvajanje statisti nega raziskovanja Demografija podjetij so podatki o aktivnih podjetjih na obmo ju Republike Slovenije iz Statisti nega poslovnega registra (SPR), ki ga vodi in vzdržuje Statisti ni urad RS, in sicer na podlagi. lena Zakona o državni statistiki in Uredbe (ES), št. 177/2008 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o vzpostavitvi skupnega okvira za poslovne registre v statisti ne namene. Osnovni vir podatkov za SPR je Poslovni register Slovenije (PRS); vodi ga Agencija Republike Slovenije za javnopravne evidence in storitve (AJPES), in sicer od na podlagi 71. lena Zakona o pla ilnem prometu (Uradni list RS, št. 0/02). Poleg teh podatkov uporabljamo tudi podatke iz drugih administrativnih zbirk ter podatke, zbrane na podlagi programa statisti nih raziskovanj. Podatki za BUSINESS DEMOGRAPHY Purpose of the statistical survey Data on newly born enterprises, survivals of newly born enterprises and enterprise deaths are collected with the statistical survey Business Demography. Sources and methods of data collection The main source of data for the statistical survey Business Demography are data on active enterprises in Slovenia in each reference period from the Statistical Business Register (SPR), which is kept and maintained by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (SORS) on the basis of Article of the National Statistics Act and Regulation (EC) No 177/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a common framework for business registers for statistical purposes. The basic source for the SPR is the administrative Business Register of Slovenia (PRS), which has been kept on the basis of Article 71 of the Payment Transactions Act (OJ RS No. 0/02) since 15 July 2002 by the Agency for Public Legal Records and Related Services. In addition to data in the PRS, the sources for the SPR are also data from other administrative records and data collected in accordance with the national 52

3 Statisti ni letopis Republike Slovenije 2011 Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Slovenia 2011 Poslovni subjekti Business subjects posamezne spremenljivke, ki v SPR morda manjkajo, se pripišejo v skladu z ustrezno statisti no metodologijo. Vir zajetja enot za referen no leto je PRS, in sicer stanje , vklju no z enotami, ki so bile med letom ukinjene in za katere je to v PRS zabeleženo. Glavni vir podatkov o osebah, ki delajo, je Statisti ni register delovno aktivnega prebivalstva (SRDAP), ki ga vodi SURS. Podatki v SRDAP-u se osvežujejo na podlagi obrazcev M, to je prijava podatkov za uvedbo in vodenje mati ne evidence pokojninskega in invalidskega zavarovanja, zdravstvenega zavarovanja ter evidence o sklenitvi delovnega razmerja (M-1, M-2, M-1A, M-, M-a, M-D ). V SRDAP-u so upoštevane vse osebe, ki delajo, ne glede na to, ali delajo za dolo en ali nedolo en as, s polnim ali s skrajšanim delovnim asom. e podjetje izkazuje prihodek, nima pa podatka o osebah, ki delajo, se mu ta podatek pripiše v skladu z ustrezno statisti no metodologijo. Pri raziskovanju Demografija podjetij primerjamo delovanje aktivnih podjetij v posameznih letih, in sicer tako, da po identifikacijski številki prepoznavamo (identificiramo) novonastala podjetja brez predhodnika, podjetja, ki so prenehala poslovati in so brez naslednika, ter preživela novonastala podjetja. Iz opazovane populacije izlo imo tista podjetja, ki so bila podvržena demografskim dogodkom, kot so pripojitev, spojitev, razdelitev, oddelitev, sprememba pravnoorganizacijske oblike, podjetja, ki so po dveh letih mirovanja znova za ela poslovati (reaktivacije) in podobno, in sicer z vzporejanjem podjetij po lokaciji ter po dejavnosti in nazivu, s pridobivanjem informacij neposredno od podjetij in na podlagi drugih relevantnih virov. Pravna podlaga Pravna podlaga za statisti no raziskovanje Demografija podjetij je Uredba (ES) št. 295/2008 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 11. marca 2008 o strukturni statistiki podjetij (prenovitev), Priloga IX, ki dolo a skupni okvir za zbiranje, urejanje, sporo anje in ovrednotenje statistike Skupnosti o demografiji podjetij. program of statistical surveys. In the SPR some missing data are imputed according to the appropriate statistical methodology. The main source for units of the reference year is the PRS as of 1 December with the inclusion of units that died during the reference year. The main source for data on employment is the Statistical Register of Employment (SRDAP) kept by SORS. SRDAP is updated with data from M forms, i.e. Registration of Data for the Introduction and Keeping of the Central Record of Pension and Disability Insurance, Health Care and Employment (M-1, M-2, M-1A, M-, M-a, M-D ). In SRDAP, all persons in paid employment are taken into consideration, irrespective of whether they are employed for fixed or unspecified period of time and whether they work full time or part time. In cases where the enterprise had some turnover without persons employed, the data on persons employed are imputed according to the appropriate statistical methodology. Enterprise births, enterprise deaths and enterprise survivals are identified by comparing the population of active enterprises by identification number. Other events such as mergers, break-ups, splitoffs, take-overs, changes of legal form, reactivations within two years etc. are excluded by matches on name, economic activity and location and by manual checking and telephone interview. Legal framework The legal framework for the statistical survey Business Demography is Regulation (EC) No 295/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2008 concerning structural business statistics (recast), Annex IX, which establish a common framework for the collection, compilation, transmission and evaluation of Community statistics on business demography. Zajetje in uporabljene klasifikacije V tabelah in grafikonih so zajeta podjetja, ki kot svojo glavno dejavnost opravljajo eno izmed dejavnosti Standardne klasifikacije dejavnosti (SKD 2008). Podatki so tabelirani na osnovi naslednje raz lenitve dejavnosti po SKD 2008: Coverage and classifications used In tables and charts enterprises that perform one of the of the Slovene Standard Classification of Activities (SKD 2008) as their main activity are covered. The data are broken down according to the following breakdown of referring to the SKD 2008 classification: - podro je B (Rudarstvo); - section B (Mining and quarrying); - podro je C (Predelovalne dejavnosti) za šifre C, , , 15, 16, , 19, , 22, 2, , , 28, , in ; - podro ja D, E in F (Oskrba z elektri no energijo, plinom in paro; oskrba z vodo, ravnanje z odplakami in odpadki; saniranje okolja; gradbeništvo); - podro je G (Trgovina, vzdrževanje in popravila motornih vozil) za šifre G, 45, 46, 47, 47.1, 47.2, 47., in ; - podro ji H in I (Promet in skladiš enje ter gostinstvo), raz lenjeni na raven oddelka; - podro je J (Informacijske in komunikacijske dejavnosti), raz lenjeno na raven oddelka, oddelek 62 pa na raven razreda; - podro je K (Finan ne in zavarovalniške dejavnosti), razen skupine 64.2, raz lenjeno na raven oddelka; - podro ja L, M in N (Poslovanje z nepremi ninami; strokovne, znanstvene in tehni ne dejavnosti; druge raznovrstne poslovne dejavnosti), raz lenjena na raven razreda; - posebni agregati (za sektor informacijskih in komunikacijskih tehnologij); - section C (Manufacturing) for codes C, , , 15, 16, , 19, , 22, 2, , , 28, , and ; - sections D, E and F (Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply; water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation ; construction); - section G (Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles) for codes G, 45, 46, 47, 47.1, 47.2, 47., , and ; - section H and I (Transportation and storage; accommodation and food service ) broken down to the division level of SKD 2008; - section J (Information and communication) broken down to the division level and further down to class level of SKD 2008 in division 62; - section K (Financial and insurance ) broken down to the division level of SKD 2008, except group 64.2 which is excluded; - Sections L, M and N (Real estate ; professional, scientific and technical service ; administrative and support service ) broken down to the class level of SKD 2008; - special aggregates (for the Information and Communication Technology sector); - podro ja P, Q, R in S, raz lenjena na ravni oddelka. - sections P, Q, R and S broken down to the division level of SKD Podatki o novonastalih podjetjih brez predhodnika in podatki o preživelih podjetjih za asovno vrsto od 2004 do 2007, ki so bili Data on enterprise births and data on enterprise survivals for the time series, which were originally published according to the 5

4 Poslovni subjekti Statisti ni letopis Republike Slovenije 2011 Business subjects Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Slovenia 2011 izvorno objavljeni na osnovi Standardne klasifikacije dejavnosti 2002 (SKD 2002), so bili prera unani še po dolo ilih nove razli ice Standardne klasifikacije dejavnosti SKD 2008, in sicer s pomo jo prevajalnih matrik. Osnova za izdelavo prevajalnih matrik je bilo število podjetij (vir: Statisti ni poslovni register), ki se po SKD 2008 ne uvrš ajo v isto dejavnost, kot so se po SKD 2002, ampak v neko novo dejavnost. Podatki po standardni klasifikaciji dejavnosti 2002 so objavljeni v podatkovni bazi SI-STAT v Arhivu podatkov po Standardni klasifikaciji dejavnosti Enota opazovanja Enota opazovanja je podjetje, ki kot svojo glavno dejavnost opravlja eno izmed dejavnosti Standardne klasifikacije dejavnosti (SKD 2008). Definicije in pojasnila Podjetje je registrirana pravna ali fizi na oseba, ki je med letom opazovanja izkazala prihodek ali zaposlene osebe oziroma osebe, ki delajo. Za enote po Standardni klasifikaciji institucionalnih sektorjev države in neprofitnih institucij, ki opravljajo storitve za gospodinjstva, se upoštevajo tudi izkazani prihodki lanarin, subvencij in drugih poslovnih prihodkov. Podatek o aktivnih podjetjih vklju uje vse enote, ki so bile aktivne vsaj del opazovanega obdobja. Novonastalo podjetje brez predhodnika je podjetje, ki je nastalo kot kombinacija proizvodnih dejavnikov, vendar tako, da pri tem dogodku ni bilo udeleženo nobeno drugo podjetje. Med novonastala podjetja ne štejemo podjetij, ki so nastala s spojitvijo, z razdelitvijo, z oddelitvijo, podjetij, ki so nastala zaradi spremembe pravnoorganizacijske oblike, in tistih, ki so po dveh letih prenehanja poslovanja znova oživela (reaktivacije). Podjetje, ki je prenehalo poslovati in je brez naslednika je podjetje, ki je kot kombinacija proizvodnih dejavnikov razpadlo, vendar tako, da pri tem dogodku ni bilo udeleženo nobeno drugo podjetje. Med podjetja, ki so prenehala poslovati, ne štejemo podjetij, ki so prenehala obstajati zaradi spojitev, pripojitev ali z razdelitvijo podjetij, ki so nastala zaradi spremembe pravnoorganizacijske oblike, in tistih, ki so v dveh letih po letu opazovanja znova oživela (reaktivacije). Preživelo podjetje je novonastalo podjetje, ki je poslovalo v naslednjih najve petih letih od nastanka. Podjetje štejemo za preživelo tudi, e je pravna enota prenehala poslovati in je dejavnost prevzela nova pravna enota, ki je bila ustanovljena za prevzem proizvodnih dejavnikov podjetja. Zaposlene osebe so osebe, ki delajo pri delodajalcu (pri pravnih osebah, samostojnih podjetnikih ali drugih registriranih fizi nih osebah) in prejemajo pla o ter so na podlagi pogodbe o zaposlitvi obvezno socialno zavarovane. Pogodba o zaposlitvi je lahko sklenjena za nedolo en ali dolo en as, ne glede na to, ali gre za zaposlitev s polnim delovnim asom ali z delovnim asom, krajšim od polnega. Med zaposlene osebe se štejejo tudi pripravniki in osebe, udeležene pri javnih delih, ter družbeniki zasebnih družb in zavodov v RS, ki so poslovodne osebe ( e niso obvezno zavarovani na drugi podlagi). V število zaposlenih oseb niso zajeti študenti in dijaki, ki ob asno delajo za delodajalca in prejemajo pla ilo. Samozaposlene osebe so samostojni podjetniki in druge registrirane fizi ne osebe (npr. samostojni raziskovalci, zdravniki, odvetniki, veterinarji, kulturni ustvarjalci, vrhunski športniki ipd.). Osebe, ki delajo, so vse zaposlene in samozaposlene osebe skupaj. Med osebe, ki delajo, niso zajeti pomagajo i družinski lani in osebe, ki delajo na podlagi podjemnih pogodb (pogodb o delu) ali avtorskih pogodb (delovršnih pogodb), in kmetje. Objavljanje 2002 Standard Classification of Activities (SKD 2002), were converted according to the new version of the Standard Classification of Activities (SKD 2008) with the help of conversion matrices. The basis for preparing the conversion matrices was the number of enterprises (source: Statistical Business Register) that according to the SKD 2008 are not classified into the same activity as according to the SKD Time series of statistical data according to NACE Rev. 1.1 are published in SI-STAT Database in Archive of data by NACE Rev Observation unit The observation unit is an enterprise that performs one of the of the Slovene Standard Classification of Activities (SKD 2008) as its main activity. Definitions Enterprise is registered as a legal or natural person that had either turnover or employment during the reference year. For units according to the Standard Classification of Institutional Sectors and Non-profit Institutions Serving Households, in determining enterprises membership fees, subsidies and other operating income are also taken into account. Enterprise birth amounts to the creation of a combination of production factors with the restriction that no other enterprises are involved in the event. Events as mergers, break-ups, split-off, change in the legal form or reactivations are excluded from newly born enterprises. Enterprise death amounts to the dissolution of a combination of production factors with the restriction that no other enterprises are involved in the event. Events as mergers, take-over, break-ups, change in the legal form or reactivations are excluded from enterprise deaths. Enterprise survivals are newly born enterprises that are active at least five years. An enterprise is also considered to have survived if the linked legal unit has ceased to be active, but its activity has been taken over by a new legal unit set up specifically to take over the factors of production of that enterprise. Employees are persons who work for an employer (for legal persons or for individual private entrepreneurs and other registered natural persons), receive payment in the form of salaries and are socially insured on the basis of the employment contract. The employment contract can be made for fixed or unspecified period of time, for fulltime or part-time work. The number of employees includes also trainees, persons performing public works and partners in private companies and institutions in the Republic of Slovenia who are managers (if they do not have compulsory insurance on some other basis). The number of employees excludes students and pupils who work for an employer occasionally and receive payment. Self-employed persons are individual private entrepreneurs and other registered natural persons (e.g. independent researchers, doctors, lawyers, veterinaries, cultural workers, top athletes, etc.). Persons employed are employees and self-employed persons. The number of persons employed excludes unpaid family workers, persons working on the basis of contracts for work/service or copyright agreement and farmers. Publishing Letno: Prva statisti na objava. Demografija podjetij Annually: First Release. Business Demography Slovenske regije v številkah Slovene Regions in Figures Statisti ni letopis Republike Slovenije Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Slovenia Podatkovna baza SI-STAT SI-STAT Database 54

5 Statisti ni letopis Republike Slovenije 2011 Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Slovenia 2011 Poslovni subjekti Business subjects STRUKTURNA STATISTIKA PODJETIJ Namen statisti nega raziskovanja Namen raziskovanja o strukturni statistiki podjetij je spremljanje poslovanja podjetij ter zagotavljanje mednarodno primerljivih podatkov ob upoštevanju evropskih standardov o strukturni statistiki podjetij in evropskega sistema nacionalnih ra unov. Izra unani kazalniki omogo ajo analiziranje dogajanj in strukturnih sprememb poslovne populacije ter zagotavljanje osnovnih informacij za izdelavo tržnih analiz in sprejemanje poslovnih odlo itev v podjetjih ter tudi osnovo za izra un bruto doma ega proizvoda in oceno osnovnih makroekonomskih kategorij nacionalnih ra unov. Strukturna statistika podjetij meri rezultate poslovanja podjetij, investicije, zaposlenost in stroške dela. Enote opazovanja Enote opazovanja so podjetja, registrirana za opravljanje pretežno tržne dejavnosti na ozemlju Republike Slovenije, ki so bila aktivna vsaj del opazovanega obdobja. Poslovanje podjetij, ki ve kot polovico prihodkov od prodaje dosežejo s tržno dejavnostjo, je zajeto v celoti. Glavna dejavnost, ki jo podjetja opravljajo, pa spada v eno izmed naštetih podro ij dejavnosti po SKD 2008: Rudarstvo (B), Predelovalne dejavnosti (C), Oskrba z elektri no energijo, plinom in paro (D), Oskrba z vodo, ravnanje z odplakami in odpadki, saniranje okolja (E), Gradbeništvo (F), Trgovina, vzdrževanje in popravila motornih vozil (G), Promet in skladiš enje (H), Gostinstvo (I), Informacijske in komunikacijske dejavnosti (J), Poslovanje z nepremi ninami (L), Strokovne, znanstvene in tehni ne dejavnosti (M), Druge raznovrstne poslovne dejavnosti (N) in Popravila ra unalnikov in izdelkov za široko rabo (S95). Podjetja so aktivna, e so med letom opazovanja izkazovala prihodke od prodaje ali stroške dela. Viri in metode zbiranja podatkov Podatke za izra un spremenljivk strukturne statistike podjetij pridobivamo iz obstoje ih administrativnih in statisti nih virov. Glavni viri podatkov so letna poro ila gospodarskih družb, zadrug, skladov, samostojnih podjetnikov, pravnih oseb zasebnega prava in pravnih oseb javnega prava, ki jih za statisti ni namen zbira Agencija Republike Slovenije za javnopravne evidence in storitve (AJPES), in podatki dav nega obra una akontacije dohodnine od dohodka, doseženega z opravljanjem dejavnosti in njegovih prilog izkaza poslovnega izida in bilance stanja (vir omenjenih virov podatkov je Dav na uprava Republike Slovenije - DURS). Pri pripravi podatkov upoštevamo tudi dodatna vira: etrtletni vprašalnik gospodarskih družb za obra un dodane vrednosti in bruto investicij (NR-PODJ/ L) in podatke o davku na dodano vrednost (vir slednjih je DURS). Podatke o zaposlenosti pridobivamo iz Statisti nega registra delovno aktivnega prebivalstva, podatke o investicijah pa z vprašalnikom Letno statisti no raziskovanje investicij v osnovna sredstva (vprašalnika INV-1 in INV-2). Pravna podlaga Uredba (ES) št. 295/2008 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 11. marca 2008 o strukturni statistiki podjetij (prenovitev); ta opredeljuje zbiranje, urejanje in vrednotenje statisti nih podatkov o strukturi, dejavnosti, konkuren nosti ter rezultatih podjetij v Skupnosti in sporo anje teh podatkov Skupnosti. Izvedbena Uredba Komisije (ES) št. 250/2009 z dne 11. marca 2009 o izvajanju Uredbe (ES) št. 295/2008 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta glede opredelitev karakteristik, tehni nega formata za prenos podatkov, dvojnih zahtev za poro anje, po NACE Rev. 1.1 in NACE Rev. 2, ter o dovoljenih odstopanjih za strukturno statistiko podjetij, ki med drugim opredeljuje karakteristike, ki se zbirajo v okviru Uredbe (ES) št. 295/2008. Zajetje in uporabljene klasifikacije Podatki o poslovanju podjetij po dejavnosti so prikazani po Standardni klasifikaciji dejavnosti 2008 (SKD 2008). STRUCTURAL BUSINESS STATISTICS Purpose of the statistical survey The purpose of structural business statistics is to monitor operation of enterprises and to assure internationally comparable data by taking into consideration European standards on structural business statistics and the European System of National Accounts. The calculated indicators enable the analysis of events and structural changes in the business population and provide basic information for preparing market analysis and making business decisions in the enterprises. In addition, they are the basis for the calculation of gross domestic product and the estimation of basic macroeconomic categories of national accounts. Structural business statistics measures results of enterprises, investments, employment and labour costs. Observation units Observation units are enterprises which are registered for performing predominantly market activity on the territory of the Republic of Slovenia and which were active at least a part of the observation period. Operation of enterprises with more than half of turnover achieved with the market activity is taken as a whole. Main activity performed is from the following areas of the Standard Classification of Activities 2008: Mining and quarrying (B), Manufacturing (C), Electricity, gas, steam and air (D), Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation (E), Construction (F), Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (G), Transportation and storage (H), Accommodation and food service (I), Information and communication (J), Real estate (L), Professional, scientific and technical (M), Administrative and support service (N) and Repair of computers and personal and household goods (S95). Enterprises are active if they had turnover or labour costs during the observation period. Sources and methods of data collection Data for calculating the variables of structural business statistics are obtained from existing administrative and statistical sources. The main sources of the data are annual accounts of companies, co-operative societies, funds, sole proprietors, legal entities of private law and legal entities of public law, which are gathered by the Agency of the Republic of Slovenia for Public Legal Records and Related Services (AJPES) for the statistical purposes and prepayment of income taxes for the income realised upon the pursuit of and their enclosures Profit and Loss Accounts and Balance Sheet (the source of both mentioned additional data is the Tax Administration of the Republic of Slovenia). Two additional sources are also taken into account: Quarterly Questionnaire on Value Added and Gross Investment for Companies (NR-PODJ/ L) and VAT data (the source of the latter is the Tax Administration). Data on employment are gathered from the Statistical Register of Employment and data on investment from the Annual Report on Gross Investments (INV-1 and INV-2 questionnaire). Legal framework Regulation (EC) No 295/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2008 concerning structural business statistics (recast) which establishes a common framework for the collection, compilation, transmission and evaluation of Community statistics on the structure, activity, competitiveness and performance of businesses in the Community. Commission Regulation (EC) No 250/2009 of 11 March 2009 implementing Regulation (EC) No 295/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the definitions of characteristics, the technical format for the transmission of data, the double reporting requirements for NACE Rev. 1.1 and NACE Rev. 2 and derogations to be granted for structural business statistics, which among others defines characteristics which are collected in the line with Regulation (EC) No 295/2008. Coverage and classifications used Data on performance of enterprises are shown according to the Standard Classification of Activities (SKD 2008). 55

6 Poslovni subjekti Statisti ni letopis Republike Slovenije 2011 Business subjects Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Slovenia 2011 Podatki po standardni klasifikaciji dejavnosti 2002 so objavljeni v Arhivu podatkov po Standardni klasifikaciji dejavnosti 2002 v SI-STAT podatkovnem portalu. Pri zbiranju podatkov za strukturno statistiko podjetij se zajamejo tisti tržni gospodarski subjekti, ki opravljajo katero izmed dejavnosti iz podro ij dejavnosti od B Rudarstvo do N Druge raznovrstne poslovne dejavnosti in S95 - Popravila ra unalnikov in izdelkov za široko rabo (brez K Finan ne in zavarovalniške dejavnosti) po Standardni klasifikaciji dejavnosti (Uredba o Standardni klasifikaciji dejavnosti, Uradni list RS, št. 69/2007, 17/2008) in ki so bili aktivni vsaj del opazovanega obdobja. Gospodarski subjekti so aktivni, e so med letom opazovanja izkazovali prihodke od prodaje ali stroške dela. Definicije in druga pojasnila Strukturna statistika podjetij prikazuje sliko poslovanja podjetij ter zagotavlja mednarodno primerljive podatke ob upoštevanju evropskih standardov o strukturni statistiki podjetij in evropskega sistema nacionalnih ra unov. podjetij je število registriranih pravnih ali fizi nih oseb, ki so med letom opazovanja izkazale prihodek ali stroške dela ter bile tako aktivne vsaj del opazovanega obdobja. Prihodki od prodaje so prodajne vrednosti kupcem zara unanih prodanih proizvodov ali trgovskega blaga in materiala ter opravljenih storitev. Merijo se na podlagi prodajnih cen, navedenih v ra unih in drugih listinah, zmanjšanih za vse popuste, ki so bili dani ob prodaji ali pozneje, pa tudi za vrednosti vrnjenih koli in. Prihodki zajemajo tudi vse stroške in obremenitve, vezane na kupca, ne zajemajo pa davka na dodano vrednost (DDV), morebitne prodaje osnovnih sredstev, prihodkov od financiranja in drugih izrednih prihodkov. Vrednost proizvodnje meri dejanske, v podjetjih proizvedene vrednosti proizvodov in storitev, ki temeljijo na prodaji, vklju no s spremembami zalog in z nadaljnjo prodajo blaga in storitev. Dodana vrednost v stroških faktorjev se izra una kot bruto prihodek iz poslovnih dejavnosti po popravkih za subvencije za poslovanje in posredne davke. Dodana vrednost se v stroških faktorjev ra una "bruto", ker se popravki vrednosti (kot je npr. amortizacija) ne odštejejo. Nabava blaga in storitev zajema vrednost vsega blaga in storitev, nabavljenih v obra unskem obdobju za nadaljnjo prodajo ali porabo v proizvodnem postopku, razen investicijske opreme, katere uporaba se vodi kot poraba osnovnih sredstev. To blago in storitve se lahko ali prodajo naprej z nadaljnjim preoblikovanjem ali brez njega, lahko se popolnoma porabijo v proizvodnem postopku ali se predajo v zalogo. Stroški dela so opredeljeni kot skupna nadomestila, v gotovini ali blagu, ki jih je delodajalec izpla al zaposlenim (redno ali za asno zaposlenim kakor tudi zaposlenim, ki delajo na domu) v zameno za opravljeno delo, ki so ga ti opravili v opazovanem obdobju. Stroški dela vklju ujejo tudi davke in prispevke za socialno zavarovanje zaposlenega, zadržane pri enoti, kakor tudi delodajal eve obvezne in prostovoljne socialne prispevke. Pla e so opredeljene kot celotno nadomestilo, v gotovini ali blagu, izpla ljivo vsem osebam, naštetim v pla ilni listi (vklju no z zaposlenimi na domu), v zameno za delo, opravljeno v ra unovodskem obdobju, ne glede na to, ali je to delo pla ano na podlagi delovnega asa, izdelka ali akorda, in ne glede na to, ali je pla ilo za opravljeno delo izpla ano redno ali ne. Bruto investicije v opredmetena osnovna sredstva zajemajo vse investicije v vsa opredmetena osnovna sredstva v opazovanem obdobju. Vklju ena so nova in obstoje a opredmetena osnovna sredstva, kupljena bodisi od tretjih oseb ali proizvedena za lastno uporabo (tj. usredstvena proizvodnja opredmetenih osnovnih sredstev), katerih doba uporabnosti je daljša kakor eno leto, vklju no z neproizvedenimi opredmetenimi osnovnimi sredstvi, kakor je zemljiš e. Osebe, ki delajo, so vse zaposlene in samozaposlene osebe skupaj. Med osebe, ki delajo, niso zajeti pomagajo i družinski lani in osebe, ki delajo na podlagi podjemnih pogodb (pogodb o delu) ali avtorskih pogodb (delovršnih pogodb), in kmetje. Zaposlene osebe so osebe, ki delajo pri delodajalcu (pri pravnih osebah, samostojnih podjetnikih ali drugih registriranih fizi nih osebah) Time series of statistical data according to the NACE Rev. 1.1 are published in Archive of data by NACE Rev. 1.1 in the SI-STAT Data Portal. Structural business statistics covers market business entities which perform from B Mining and quarrying to N - Administrative and support service (without K Financial and insurance ) and S95 - Repair of computers and personal and household goods (S95) of the Standard Classification of Activities (Decree on the Standard Classification of Activities, OJ RS, No. 69/2007, 17/2008) and were active at least part of the observation period. Enterprises are active if they had turnover or labour costs during the observation period. Definitions and other explanations Structural business statistics gives a picture about the operation of enterprises and assures internationally comparable data by considering European standards on structural business statistics and the European System of National Accounts. of enterprises is the number of registered legal or natural persons which had turnover or personnel cost and were therefore active during at least a part of the reference period. Turnover is the total amount that the enterprise settled with sale of goods, material and performed services in the reference year. It is measured on the basis of selling prices stated on invoices and other documents less discounts at sale or later on and the value of returned quantities. It includes all costs and charges linked to the buyer and excludes value added tax, possible sale of fixed assets, financial income, subsidies and other extra income. The production value measures the value of goods and services actually produced by the unit, based on sales, including changes in stocks and the resale of goods and services. Value added at factor cost is calculated as gross income from operating after adjusting for operating subsidies and indirect taxes. Value-added at factor cost is calculated gross because value adjustments (such as depreciation) are not subtracted. Purchases of goods and services include the value of all goods and services purchased during the accounting period for resale or consumption in the production process, excluding capital goods the consumption of which is registered as consumption of fixed capital. The goods and services concerned may be either resold with or without further transformation, completely used up in the production process or, finally, stocked. Personnel costs are defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to an employee (regular and temporary employees as well as home-workers) in return for work done by the latter during the reference period. Personnel costs also include taxes and employees social security contributions retained by the unit as well as the employer s compulsory and voluntary social contributions. Wages and salaries are defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable to all persons counted on the payroll (including home workers), in return for work done during the accounting period, regardless of whether it is paid on the basis of working time, output or piecework and whether it is paid regularly or not. Gross investment in tangible goods includes all investment during the reference period in all tangible goods. Included are new and existing tangible capital goods, whether bought from third parties or produced for own use (i.e. capitalised production of tangible capital goods), having a useful life of more than one year, including nonproduced tangible goods such as land. Persons employed are employees and self-employed persons. The number of persons employed excludes unpaid family workers, persons working on the basis of contracts for work/service or copyright agreement and farmers. Employees are persons who work for an employer (for legal persons or for individual private entrepreneurs and other registered natural 56

7 Statisti ni letopis Republike Slovenije 2011 Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Slovenia 2011 Poslovni subjekti Business subjects in prejemajo pla o ter so na podlagi pogodbe o zaposlitvi obvezno socialno zavarovane. Pogodba o zaposlitvi je lahko sklenjena za nedolo en ali dolo en as, ne glede na to, ali gre za zaposlitev s polnim delovnim asom ali z delovnim asom, krajšim od polnega. Med zaposlene osebe se štejejo tudi pripravniki in osebe, udeležene pri javnih delih, ter družbeniki zasebnih družb in zavodov v RS, ki so poslovodne osebe ( e niso obvezno zavarovani na drugi podlagi). Med zaposlene osebe se ne štejejo študenti in dijaki, ki ob asno delajo za delodajalca in prejemajo pla ilo. Dodatno pojasnilo Vsote se zaradi zaokroževanja v asih ne ujemajo. Objavljanje persons), receive payment in the form of salaries and are socially insured on the basis of the employment contract. The employment contract can be made for fixed or unspecified period of time, for fulltime or part-time work. The number of employees includes also trainees, persons performing public works and partners in private companies and institutions in the Republic of Slovenia who are managers (if they do not have compulsory insurance on some other basis). The number of employees excludes students and pupils who work for an employer occasionally and receive payment. Additional explanation In some cases totals do not match because of rounding. Publishing Letno: Prva statisti na objava. Poslovni subjekti Annually: First Release. Business Entities Elektronska objava. Poslovni subjekti Electronic release. Business Entities Slovenija v številkah Slovenia in Figures Statisti ni letopis Republike Slovenije Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Slovenia Podatkovna baza SI-STAT SI-STAT Database 57

8 Poslovni subjekti Statisti ni letopis Republike Slovenije 2011 Business subjects Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Slovenia 2011 PODJETJA/ENTERPRISES.1 Podjetja po pravnoorganizacijskih oblikah in velikosti glede na število oseb, ki delajo, 2009 Enterprises by organisational form and size class by number of persons employed, 2009 Skupaj Total Velikost podjetij glede na število oseb, ki delajo Size class of enterprises by number persons employed mikro micro majhna small srednje velika mediumsized velika large SKUPAJ - podjetja P TOTAL - enterprises E SKUPAJ - osebe, ki delajo o TOTAL - persons employed e SKUPAJ - prihodek (1000 EUR) p TOTAL - turnover (1000 EUR) t Pravne osebe, skupaj P Legal persons, total E o e p t Družbe z omejeno odgovornostjo P Limited liability companies E o e p t Družbe z neomejeno odgovornostjo P General partnerships E o e p t Delniške in komanditne delniške družbe P Joint stock companies and limited par. j. s. com. o z z e p z z t Komanditne družbe P Limited partnerships E o z z e p z z t Državni organi in lokalne skupnosti P State bodies and local communities E o e p 0511 z z z t Zavodi P Institutions E o e p t Društva in zveze društev P Associations and federations of associations E o e p z z 0 t Zadruge P Co-operative societies E o z 1940 z e p z z t Druge pravne osebe P Other legal persons E o z 4041 z e p t Fizi ne osebe, skupaj P Natural persons, total E o e p t Samostojni podjetniki posamezniki P Individual private entrepreneurs E o e p t Druge fizi ne osebe P Other natural persons E o e p t E 58

9 Statisti ni letopis Republike Slovenije 2011 Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Slovenia 2011 DEMOGRAFIJA PODJETIJ/BUSINESS DEMOGRAPHY.2 Novonastala podjetja brez predhodnika Enterprise births Poslovni subjekti Business subjects podjetij of enterprises zaposlenih oseb of employees oseb, ki delajo of persons employed Novonastala podjetja brez predhodnika po dejavnostih, velikostnem razredu zaposlenih in po pravnoorganizacijski obliki Enterprise births by activity, size class of employees and legal form SKUPAJ TOTAL B Rudarstvo B Mining and quarrying C Predelovalne dejavnosti C Manufacturing D Oskrba z elektri no energijo, plinom in paro D Electricity, gas, steam and air E Oskrba z vodo, ravnanje z odplakami in odpadki, saniranje okolja E Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation F Gradbeništvo F Construction G Trgovina, vzdrževanje in popravila motornih vozil G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor H Promet in skladiš enje H Transportation and storage I Gostinstvo I Accommodation and food service J Informacijske in komunikacijske dejavnosti J Information and communication K Finan ne in zavarovalniške dejavnosti, razen dejavnosti holdingov K Financial and insurance except of holding companies L Poslovanje z nepremi ninami L Real estate M Strokovne, znanstvene in tehni ne dejavnosti M Professional, scientific and technical N Druge raznovrstne poslovne dejavnosti N Administrative and support service P Izobraževanje P Education Q Zdravstvo in socialno varstvo Q Human health and social work R Kulturne, razvedrilne in rekreacijske dejavnosti R Arts, entertainment and recreation S Druge dejavnosti S Other service Velikostni razred Size class 0 zaposlenih oseb employees 1 4 zaposlene osebe employees 5 9 zaposlenih oseb employees 10+ zaposlenih oseb employees Pravnoorganizacijska oblika Legal form Fizi ne osebe Natural persons Družbe z omejeno odgovornostjo in delniške družbe Limited liability companies and joint stock companies Druge pravnoorganizacijske oblike Other legal forms 59